Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Ecotourism is booming and many tour operators say this is helpful to nature. Every year, millions of people visit protected (31) ____ areas to observe rare species. However, a new report casts doubt on this form of tourism. The report, published in the journal "Trends in Ecology and Evolution", suggests that ecotourism damages more than (32) ____ nature. Researchers believe tourists disrupt animals in their natural (33) ____. They point to a recent event in Costa Rica where turtles had problems laying their eggs because of the many tourists who had gathered on the beach to watch them.

The report says that ecotourism is making animals bolder. A human presence makes animals tamer and less cautious about other animals. This could put them at (34) ____ of being attacked by their natural predators, so more of them will be killed. The report says that when animals interact with humans, "they may let (35) ____ their guard”. The report also says it is essential, “to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how different species in different situations respond to human visitation, and under what precise conditions human exposure might put them at risk".

Read the following passage about the Restoration Story of Carnegie Hall and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Carnegie Hall, which is a famous concert hall in New York City, has again undergone a restoration. While this is not the first, it is certainly the most extensive in the building’s history. As a result of this new restoration, Carnegie Hall once again has the quality of sound that it had when it was first built.

Carnegie Hall owes its existence to Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy owner of a steel company in the late 1800s. (I)The hall was finished in 1891 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent performing arts hall where accomplished musicians made a name for themselves. (II) Despite its reputation, the concert hall suffered from several detrimental renovations over the years. (III) During the Great Depression, when fewer people could afford to attend performances, the directors sold part of the building to commercial businesses. (IV) As a result, a coffee shop was opened in one corner of the building, for which the builders replaced the brick and terra cotta walls with windowpanes. A renovation in 1946 seriously damaged the acoustical quality of the hall when the makers of the film Carnegie Hall cut a gaping hole in the dome of the ceiling to allow for lights and  air vents. The hole was later covered with short curtains and a fake ceiling, but the hall never sounded the same afterwards.

In 1960, the violinist Isaac Stem became involved in restoring the hall after a group of real estate developers unveiled plans to demolish Carnegie Hall and build a high-rise office building on the site.  This threat spurred Stem to rally public support for Carnegie Hall and encourage the City of New York to buy the property. The movement was successful, and the concert hall is now owned by the city.

 In the current restoration, builders tested each new material for its sound qualities, and they replaced the hole in the ceiling with a dome. The builders also restored the outer walls to their original appearance and closed the coffee shop. Carnegie has never sounded better, and its prospects for the future have never looked more promising

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Read the following passage about the Restoration Story of Carnegie Hall and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Carnegie Hall, which is a famous concert hall in New York City, has again undergone a restoration. While this is not the first, it is certainly the most extensive in the building’s history. As a result of this new restoration, Carnegie Hall once again has the quality of sound that it had when it was first built.

Carnegie Hall owes its existence to Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy owner of a steel company in the late 1800s. (I)The hall was finished in 1891 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent performing arts hall where accomplished musicians made a name for themselves. (II) Despite its reputation, the concert hall suffered from several detrimental renovations over the years. (III) During the Great Depression, when fewer people could afford to attend performances, the directors sold part of the building to commercial businesses. (IV) As a result, a coffee shop was opened in one corner of the building, for which the builders replaced the brick and terra cotta walls with windowpanes. A renovation in 1946 seriously damaged the acoustical quality of the hall when the makers of the film Carnegie Hall cut a gaping hole in the dome of the ceiling to allow for lights and  air vents. The hole was later covered with short curtains and a fake ceiling, but the hall never sounded the same afterwards.

In 1960, the violinist Isaac Stem became involved in restoring the hall after a group of real estate developers unveiled plans to demolish Carnegie Hall and build a high-rise office building on the site.  This threat spurred Stem to rally public support for Carnegie Hall and encourage the City of New York to buy the property. The movement was successful, and the concert hall is now owned by the city.

 In the current restoration, builders tested each new material for its sound qualities, and they replaced the hole in the ceiling with a dome. The builders also restored the outer walls to their original appearance and closed the coffee shop. Carnegie has never sounded better, and its prospects for the future have never looked more promising

The word " made a name for themselves " in the last paragraph could best be replaced by:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the words/phrases that are CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined words/phrases.

Discharging chemical pollutants into the environment is a cruel action to the environment as well as the future generation.

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

Read the following passage about the Restoration Story of Carnegie Hall and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Carnegie Hall, which is a famous concert hall in New York City, has again undergone a restoration. While this is not the first, it is certainly the most extensive in the building’s history. As a result of this new restoration, Carnegie Hall once again has the quality of sound that it had when it was first built.

Carnegie Hall owes its existence to Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy owner of a steel company in the late 1800s. (I)The hall was finished in 1891 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent performing arts hall where accomplished musicians made a name for themselves. (II) Despite its reputation, the concert hall suffered from several detrimental renovations over the years. (III) During the Great Depression, when fewer people could afford to attend performances, the directors sold part of the building to commercial businesses. (IV) As a result, a coffee shop was opened in one corner of the building, for which the builders replaced the brick and terra cotta walls with windowpanes. A renovation in 1946 seriously damaged the acoustical quality of the hall when the makers of the film Carnegie Hall cut a gaping hole in the dome of the ceiling to allow for lights and  air vents. The hole was later covered with short curtains and a fake ceiling, but the hall never sounded the same afterwards.

In 1960, the violinist Isaac Stem became involved in restoring the hall after a group of real estate developers unveiled plans to demolish Carnegie Hall and build a high-rise office building on the site.  This threat spurred Stem to rally public support for Carnegie Hall and encourage the City of New York to buy the property. The movement was successful, and the concert hall is now owned by the city.

 In the current restoration, builders tested each new material for its sound qualities, and they replaced the hole in the ceiling with a dome. The builders also restored the outer walls to their original appearance and closed the coffee shop. Carnegie has never sounded better, and its prospects for the future have never looked more promising

Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3? 

Read the following passage about the Restoration Story of Carnegie Hall and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Carnegie Hall, which is a famous concert hall in New York City, has again undergone a restoration. While this is not the first, it is certainly the most extensive in the building’s history. As a result of this new restoration, Carnegie Hall once again has the quality of sound that it had when it was first built.

Carnegie Hall owes its existence to Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy owner of a steel company in the late 1800s. (I)The hall was finished in 1891 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent performing arts hall where accomplished musicians made a name for themselves. (II) Despite its reputation, the concert hall suffered from several detrimental renovations over the years. (III) During the Great Depression, when fewer people could afford to attend performances, the directors sold part of the building to commercial businesses. (IV) As a result, a coffee shop was opened in one corner of the building, for which the builders replaced the brick and terra cotta walls with windowpanes. A renovation in 1946 seriously damaged the acoustical quality of the hall when the makers of the film Carnegie Hall cut a gaping hole in the dome of the ceiling to allow for lights and  air vents. The hole was later covered with short curtains and a fake ceiling, but the hall never sounded the same afterwards.

In 1960, the violinist Isaac Stem became involved in restoring the hall after a group of real estate developers unveiled plans to demolish Carnegie Hall and build a high-rise office building on the site.  This threat spurred Stem to rally public support for Carnegie Hall and encourage the City of New York to buy the property. The movement was successful, and the concert hall is now owned by the city.

 In the current restoration, builders tested each new material for its sound qualities, and they replaced the hole in the ceiling with a dome. The builders also restored the outer walls to their original appearance and closed the coffee shop. Carnegie has never sounded better, and its prospects for the future have never looked more promising

Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

Read the following passage about the Restoration Story of Carnegie Hall and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Carnegie Hall, which is a famous concert hall in New York City, has again undergone a restoration. While this is not the first, it is certainly the most extensive in the building’s history. As a result of this new restoration, Carnegie Hall once again has the quality of sound that it had when it was first built.

Carnegie Hall owes its existence to Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy owner of a steel company in the late 1800s. (I)The hall was finished in 1891 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent performing arts hall where accomplished musicians made a name for themselves. (II) Despite its reputation, the concert hall suffered from several detrimental renovations over the years. (III) During the Great Depression, when fewer people could afford to attend performances, the directors sold part of the building to commercial businesses. (IV) As a result, a coffee shop was opened in one corner of the building, for which the builders replaced the brick and terra cotta walls with windowpanes. A renovation in 1946 seriously damaged the acoustical quality of the hall when the makers of the film Carnegie Hall cut a gaping hole in the dome of the ceiling to allow for lights and  air vents. The hole was later covered with short curtains and a fake ceiling, but the hall never sounded the same afterwards.

In 1960, the violinist Isaac Stem became involved in restoring the hall after a group of real estate developers unveiled plans to demolish Carnegie Hall and build a high-rise office building on the site.  This threat spurred Stem to rally public support for Carnegie Hall and encourage the City of New York to buy the property. The movement was successful, and the concert hall is now owned by the city.

 In the current restoration, builders tested each new material for its sound qualities, and they replaced the hole in the ceiling with a dome. The builders also restored the outer walls to their original appearance and closed the coffee shop. Carnegie has never sounded better, and its prospects for the future have never looked more promising

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

Read the following passage about the Restoration Story of Carnegie Hall and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Carnegie Hall, which is a famous concert hall in New York City, has again undergone a restoration. While this is not the first, it is certainly the most extensive in the building’s history. As a result of this new restoration, Carnegie Hall once again has the quality of sound that it had when it was first built.

Carnegie Hall owes its existence to Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy owner of a steel company in the late 1800s. (I)The hall was finished in 1891 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent performing arts hall where accomplished musicians made a name for themselves. (II) Despite its reputation, the concert hall suffered from several detrimental renovations over the years. (III) During the Great Depression, when fewer people could afford to attend performances, the directors sold part of the building to commercial businesses. (IV) As a result, a coffee shop was opened in one corner of the building, for which the builders replaced the brick and terra cotta walls with windowpanes. A renovation in 1946 seriously damaged the acoustical quality of the hall when the makers of the film Carnegie Hall cut a gaping hole in the dome of the ceiling to allow for lights and  air vents. The hole was later covered with short curtains and a fake ceiling, but the hall never sounded the same afterwards.

In 1960, the violinist Isaac Stem became involved in restoring the hall after a group of real estate developers unveiled plans to demolish Carnegie Hall and build a high-rise office building on the site.  This threat spurred Stem to rally public support for Carnegie Hall and encourage the City of New York to buy the property. The movement was successful, and the concert hall is now owned by the city.

 In the current restoration, builders tested each new material for its sound qualities, and they replaced the hole in the ceiling with a dome. The builders also restored the outer walls to their original appearance and closed the coffee shop. Carnegie has never sounded better, and its prospects for the future have never looked more promising

Which of the following is NOT a change made to Carnegie Hall over the years?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17

a. As a result, globalization has made the world of music more diverse and inclusive, bringing people together through the universal language of music.

b. With the internet and digital technology, musicians can easily distribute their music to fans in different countries.

c. In conclusion, the ability to share music globally is a significant benefit of globalization that has enriched the music industry and brought joy to people everywhere.

d. Globalization has many benefits for music, one of which is the ability to share music with people all around the world.

e. For example, a musician from Africa can now share their music with fans in Europe or Asia with just a few clicks.

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others: devastating, ecosystem, phenomenon, paraglider