Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Dear Mrs. Duc,

I trust this message finds you well.

a. My research explores the significance of wetlands in maintaining ecological balance and their role in supporting biodiversity.

b. If you could kindly suggest any relevant reading materials or resources, it would greatly assist in deepening my knowledge.

c. I am currently working on a project focused on wetlands and would be grateful for your guidance.

d. Additionally, I would like to learn more about the environmental benefits that wetlands offer, such as water purification and flood control.

e. I am particularly interested in understanding how wetlands provide habitats for various species of plants and animals.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your response.

Sincerely,

Nguyen Lan

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It is lack of confidence _______ prevents young people from making success.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

During the 1960s and '70s, industrialised countries suffered a(n) ______(1), and violent crimes such as muggings increased at an alarming rate. What is more, it was expected to ______(2) worse. Only it didn't. Instead, it got much, much better. In the 1990s, crime started to fall dramatically, and today it is down by almost 50% across the industrialised world and continues to fall. Triumphant politicians will assert that their policies have cut crime. Actually______(3) of the country's policies, the trend does coincide ______(4) the use and subsequent prohibition of tetraethyl lead in petrol, ______(5) for years as a cause of aggressive behaviour. Therefore, countries that still use leaded petrol are being urged to stop ______(6) it to help improve health and crime prevention.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

          Teaching children to become (24) ___________ is a gradual and rewarding process. Children should be encouraged to take on small responsibilities at home, such as tidying their rooms or setting the table. (25) _______, parents need to balance between offering guidance and allowing them to explore their capabilities themselves. While providing praise and positive reinforcement can boost their confidence, parents (26) ________ avoid micromanaging their every move. Wise parents will adopt a relaxed attitude and take cues from their children. It is advisable that parents provide gentle guidance, (27) _________ children to learn from their mistakes instead of immediately solving problems for them. As parents, creating a supportive environment, (28) ___________ children feel comfortable expressing their thoughts and feelings, is indispensable for fostering their emotional well-being. By nurturing their independence in these small ways, children can develop the skills and confidence needed to navigate life with increasing autonomy.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

          Teaching children to become (24) ___________ is a gradual and rewarding process. Children should be encouraged to take on small responsibilities at home, such as tidying their rooms or setting the table. (25) _______, parents need to balance between offering guidance and allowing them to explore their capabilities themselves. While providing praise and positive reinforcement can boost their confidence, parents (26) ________ avoid micromanaging their every move. Wise parents will adopt a relaxed attitude and take cues from their children. It is advisable that parents provide gentle guidance, (27) _________ children to learn from their mistakes instead of immediately solving problems for them. As parents, creating a supportive environment, (28) ___________ children feel comfortable expressing their thoughts and feelings, is indispensable for fostering their emotional well-being. By nurturing their independence in these small ways, children can develop the skills and confidence needed to navigate life with increasing autonomy.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rain forests and coral reefs. These areas support a wide variety of species, including microbes, plants, insects, birds, fish, and mammals. Factors such as climate, landscape, geology, and water availability determine the types of plants and animals that live in wetlands. The relationships among these organisms create complex food webs, where each species plays a role in maintaining the ecosystem.

2. [I] Wetlands are often called "biological supermarkets" because they produce large amounts of food that attract many species. [II] Dead plant material, known as "detritus," enriches the water and provides nutrients for small aquatic insects, shellfish, and fish. [III] Many animals rely on wetlands for food, water, and shelter, especially during migration and breeding. [IV]

3. The ecological role of wetlands is closely linked to their surrounding watersheds. A watershed is an area where water flows to a common outlet, such as a river or lake. Wetlands are essential for maintaining the health of watersheds as they provide shallow water, high nutrient levels, and support organisms at the base of the food web. These ecosystems are integral to many species of fish, shellfish, and insects.

4. In addition to their ecological benefits, wetlands contribute to global environmental processes. They store carbon in their plants and soil, reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and helping to regulate the global climate. Wetlands are also involved in natural water, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.

5. Humans benefit significantly from wetlands. They provide resources like fish, shellfish, timber, berries, and medicines. Wetlands also protect against floods, improve water quality, prevent shoreline erosion, and offer recreational opportunities. Far from being unimportant, wetlands provide unique environmental and human benefits.

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rain forests and coral reefs. These areas support a wide variety of species, including microbes, plants, insects, birds, fish, and mammals. Factors such as climate, landscape, geology, and water availability determine the types of plants and animals that live in wetlands. The relationships among these organisms create complex food webs, where each species plays a role in maintaining the ecosystem.

2. [I] Wetlands are often called "biological supermarkets" because they produce large amounts of food that attract many species. [II] Dead plant material, known as "detritus," enriches the water and provides nutrients for small aquatic insects, shellfish, and fish. [III] Many animals rely on wetlands for food, water, and shelter, especially during migration and breeding. [IV]

3. The ecological role of wetlands is closely linked to their surrounding watersheds. A watershed is an area where water flows to a common outlet, such as a river or lake. Wetlands are essential for maintaining the health of watersheds as they provide shallow water, high nutrient levels, and support organisms at the base of the food web. These ecosystems are integral to many species of fish, shellfish, and insects.

4. In addition to their ecological benefits, wetlands contribute to global environmental processes. They store carbon in their plants and soil, reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and helping to regulate the global climate. Wetlands are also involved in natural water, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.

5. Humans benefit significantly from wetlands. They provide resources like fish, shellfish, timber, berries, and medicines. Wetlands also protect against floods, improve water quality, prevent shoreline erosion, and offer recreational opportunities. Far from being unimportant, wetlands provide unique environmental and human benefits.

The word they in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Although Mike is a child, he’s aware of what he should do and responsible enough for his studying.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.

        Different relationships affect teenagers in various ways. Friends impact teenagers (18) __________. Teenagers go to their friends for help or to ask questions that they could not ask their parents about. Most of the time their friends give them good advice. In most cases they tell their friends how to dress and act (19) __________ .Love relationships just make it even harder for a teenager to get a good education. Some start to fail in school (20) __________ .Parents have a big influence on teenagers because their children look up to them and the majority of them grow up to act and do things just like their parents did with them. Children (21) __________ may have lower achievements than children brought up in an intact family.As previously stated, teenagers are affected by many relationships which involve their friends, family, and their love relationships. The relationships affect them so much that (22) __________about how they should live their lives in a different way and to change their future goals. They should be influenced to help (23) __________ or to help others.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Susan _______ you a message, but I’m not sure.

Read the following advertisement/ school announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

HOTEL RECEPTIONIST WANTED  FOR PLAZA HOTEL

We need a young and enthusiastic person to work as  (10)_______ receptionist at our hotel in Ha Noi from 20th May to 15th August.

Working hours are  (11)_______  8 a.m. to 4 p.m.

 (12)_______  include receiving guests and visitors, checking them in and out, taking bookings, and answering the phone.

Ability to speak English is an advantage.

Please contact:     The manager, Plaza Hotel

21 Vu Ngoc Duong, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

          Teaching children to become (24) ___________ is a gradual and rewarding process. Children should be encouraged to take on small responsibilities at home, such as tidying their rooms or setting the table. (25) _______, parents need to balance between offering guidance and allowing them to explore their capabilities themselves. While providing praise and positive reinforcement can boost their confidence, parents (26) ________ avoid micromanaging their every move. Wise parents will adopt a relaxed attitude and take cues from their children. It is advisable that parents provide gentle guidance, (27) _________ children to learn from their mistakes instead of immediately solving problems for them. As parents, creating a supportive environment, (28) ___________ children feel comfortable expressing their thoughts and feelings, is indispensable for fostering their emotional well-being. By nurturing their independence in these small ways, children can develop the skills and confidence needed to navigate life with increasing autonomy.

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. To combat poaching, one important solution is to strengthen security in wildlife reserves.

b. Informing local communities and the general public about the consequences of poaching can lead to more support for protection efforts.

c. Additionally, carrying out educational campaigns can help raise awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation.

d. Both government organizations and NGOs should work together to promote these initiatives effectively.

e. Increasing the number of rangers and surveillance systems can help protect endangered animals.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Jack was singing karaoke when his mom came home. Then he stopped and helped her do the dishes.

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The Importance of Green Buildings

Green buildings are designed to be environmentally friendly and resource-efficient throughout their entire lifecycle. (18) _______ while improving the quality of life for occupants.

By saving water, energy, and materials, and by using renewable energy and sustainable materials, green buildings aim to lower emissions and reduce waste. (19) _______. Since the building sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, green buildings have the greatest potential to help lower these emissions.

A significant benefit of green buildings is their economic impact. Developers gain higher property values, while occupants enjoy reduced costs, improved comfort, and better efficiency. (20) _______, which boosts employee performance and well-being. (21) _______.

With the support of policies and standards, green buildings have made significant progress in reducing energy use and environmental harm. (22) _______. Balancing economic and environmental goals ensures their success globally.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. [I] Invasive species pose a significant threat to ecosystems, wildlife, and human activities. [II] These species can include amphibians like cane toads, plants, insects, fish, fungi, bacteria, or even seeds and eggs that are not native to a specific area. [III] Not all invasive species come from other countries. [IV] For example, lake trout, native to the Great Lakes, are considered invasive in Yellowstone Lake because they compete with native cutthroat trout for habitat and resources.

2. Human activities are the primary way invasive species spread, often unintentionally. Global travel and trade allow species to move quickly across ecosystems. Ships can carry aquatic organisms in their ballast water, while smaller boats transport species on their propellers. Insects can travel in wooden shipping crates or pallets, and ornamental plants may escape into the wild and spread. Released pets, like Burmese pythons in the Everglades, can also become invasive. Additionally, climate change worsens the situation by enabling invasive plants, like kudzu, and pests, like the mountain pine beetle, to expand into new areas.

3. Invasive species harm wildlife in various ways. Without natural predators, they can reproduce quickly and dominate ecosystems. Native animals often lack defenses or cannot compete with these aggressive species, which leads to disruptions in the ecosystem and poses serious challenges for native wildlife.

4. Direct threats from invasive species include preying on native wildlife, spreading diseases, and competing for food and resources. Indirectly, invasive species disrupt ecosystems by reducing biodiversity, destroying native food sources, and altering habitats. For instance, aggressive plants like kudzu can create monocultures, replacing diverse ecosystems. Some invasive species even change soil chemistry or increase wildfire risks. Preventing the spread of invasive species is essential to protect ecosystems and maintain biodiversity.

Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

They grow and spread quickly, often disrupting ecosystems and causing harm to the environment, economy, and human health.

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

☘ Healthy Soil, Healthy Future!

☘ What Makes Up Soil?

Soil is a key part of our ecosystem, containing biotic factors like plants and insects and abiotic factors such as minerals, water, and air. Key minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium help plants grow, while (7) _______ play supporting roles.

☘ Testing Soil for a Better Future

Scientists use soil testing to check its health. By analyzing nutrients, water levels, and pH balance, they can (8) _______ if soil is suitable for plants or if it needs improvements. Soil testing is also helpful in spotting contaminants and managing minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

☘ Soil Differences Across the U.S.

Did you know that every state has its own unique "state soil"? This is why different crops grow in different regions. The NRCS (9) _______ soil maps covering 95% of the U.S., (10) _______ us understand our soil better.

☘ How Can You Help?

✔ Look into soil testing for your garden or farm.

✔ Try composting to add nutrients to your soil naturally.

✔ Avoid (11) _______ soil by keeping chemicals and waste away.

☘ Healthy soil supports thriving ecosystems and abundant crops. Let's (12) _______ care of it—for today and future generations!

Get involved today!

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Linh has always been able to ________her parents when she’s had a problem.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. [I] Invasive species pose a significant threat to ecosystems, wildlife, and human activities. [II] These species can include amphibians like cane toads, plants, insects, fish, fungi, bacteria, or even seeds and eggs that are not native to a specific area. [III] Not all invasive species come from other countries. [IV] For example, lake trout, native to the Great Lakes, are considered invasive in Yellowstone Lake because they compete with native cutthroat trout for habitat and resources.

2. Human activities are the primary way invasive species spread, often unintentionally. Global travel and trade allow species to move quickly across ecosystems. Ships can carry aquatic organisms in their ballast water, while smaller boats transport species on their propellers. Insects can travel in wooden shipping crates or pallets, and ornamental plants may escape into the wild and spread. Released pets, like Burmese pythons in the Everglades, can also become invasive. Additionally, climate change worsens the situation by enabling invasive plants, like kudzu, and pests, like the mountain pine beetle, to expand into new areas.

3. Invasive species harm wildlife in various ways. Without natural predators, they can reproduce quickly and dominate ecosystems. Native animals often lack defenses or cannot compete with these aggressive species, which leads to disruptions in the ecosystem and poses serious challenges for native wildlife.

4. Direct threats from invasive species include preying on native wildlife, spreading diseases, and competing for food and resources. Indirectly, invasive species disrupt ecosystems by reducing biodiversity, destroying native food sources, and altering habitats. For instance, aggressive plants like kudzu can create monocultures, replacing diverse ecosystems. Some invasive species even change soil chemistry or increase wildfire risks. Preventing the spread of invasive species is essential to protect ecosystems and maintain biodiversity.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. [I] Invasive species pose a significant threat to ecosystems, wildlife, and human activities. [II] These species can include amphibians like cane toads, plants, insects, fish, fungi, bacteria, or even seeds and eggs that are not native to a specific area. [III] Not all invasive species come from other countries. [IV] For example, lake trout, native to the Great Lakes, are considered invasive in Yellowstone Lake because they compete with native cutthroat trout for habitat and resources.

2. Human activities are the primary way invasive species spread, often unintentionally. Global travel and trade allow species to move quickly across ecosystems. Ships can carry aquatic organisms in their ballast water, while smaller boats transport species on their propellers. Insects can travel in wooden shipping crates or pallets, and ornamental plants may escape into the wild and spread. Released pets, like Burmese pythons in the Everglades, can also become invasive. Additionally, climate change worsens the situation by enabling invasive plants, like kudzu, and pests, like the mountain pine beetle, to expand into new areas.

3. Invasive species harm wildlife in various ways. Without natural predators, they can reproduce quickly and dominate ecosystems. Native animals often lack defenses or cannot compete with these aggressive species, which leads to disruptions in the ecosystem and poses serious challenges for native wildlife.

4. Direct threats from invasive species include preying on native wildlife, spreading diseases, and competing for food and resources. Indirectly, invasive species disrupt ecosystems by reducing biodiversity, destroying native food sources, and altering habitats. For instance, aggressive plants like kudzu can create monocultures, replacing diverse ecosystems. Some invasive species even change soil chemistry or increase wildfire risks. Preventing the spread of invasive species is essential to protect ecosystems and maintain biodiversity.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way invasive species enter a region?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

She left him _______ she still loved him.