Cho thông tin:

Quá trình feralit là quá trình hình thành đất chủ đạo ở nước ta. Trong điều kiện nhiệt ẩm cao, phân mùa đất thường có độ dày lớn nhưng dễ bị xói mòn, rửa trôi, đặc biệt ở vùng đồi núi dốc. Nhiệt ẩm cao cũng làm cho tốc độ phân hủy chất hữu cơ nhanh nên đất thường nghèo mùn.

a) Quá trình feralit hình thành đất ở nước ta diễn ra mạnh ở vùng đồi núi cao, trên các loại đá mẹ a-xít trong điều kiện nhiệt ẩm dồi dào.

b) Đất feralit thường bị chua và có màu đỏ vàng do tích tụ quá nhiều ô-xít sắt và ô-xít nhôm.

c) Biện pháp quan trọng hàng đầu để hạn chế xói mòn đất ở miền núi, trung du nước ta là bảo vệ đất gắn với bảo vệ rừng, áp dụng tổng thể các biện pháp thủy lợi, canh tác.

d) Ở nước ta, nhóm đất feralit có diện tích lớn nhất, phân bố rộng rãi ở cả miền núi và rìa các đồng bằng.

A và B là 2 hãng nước hoa nổi tiếng trên thị trường. Hãng nước hoa A đã sử dụng hình ảnh che mờ của hãng B trong đoạn quảng cáo để so sánh sản phẩm về giá cả, chất lượng giữa 2 sản phẩm. Hành vi của hãng nước hoa A trường hợp trên, thể hiện nhược điểm gì của cơ chế thị trường?

Mục đích của chạy thận nhân tạo là gì?

Có mấy loại kế hoạch tài chính cá nhân phù hợp lứa tuổi học sinh?

Cường độ điện trường là gì?

Cuộc Duy tân Minh Trị ở Nhật Bản (bắt đầu từ năm 1868) đã

Read the following passage about the impact of tweeting on everybody and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22

EVERYBODY’S TWEETING

Twitter (18) ________________ for a podcasting website, but then people realized that it offered them the power to connect with millions of people instantly. Suddenly, everyone had a voice, as long as it wasn’t longer than 140 characters. But what are we using it for, and just how is Twitter changing the way we do things?

Perhaps the greatest impact Twitter has had is on breaking news. Before Twitter, (19) _____________ before finally broadcasting it on the radio or TV. These days, anyone who happens to be in the right place at the right time with a Twitter account can post news the second it happens. For example, Janis Krums posted a photo and a tweet when he witnessed a US flight making an emergency landing in the Hudson River. He must never have imagined that he would break the story to the world.

Following Pop Idols

Young people have always loved to follow their pop idols, and Twitter has made it a whole lot easier. Before the Internet, teenagers used to join the fan clubs of their favorite bands and write letters to their heroes,

(20) _________________ to get a reply written by the club secretary. Today’s teenagers don’t need to wait. By following their idols on Twitter, they get all the news the minute it happens: their meals, activities, or even thoughts. And all the news comes directly from the bands themselves.

Creating Movements

Twitter allows people who think the same way to get together and (21) ______________. These problems may be cyberbullying, sexism, or racism. They can share information, organize campaigns, and put pressure on related departments. Twitter has given the man and woman on the street the power to make a difference.

Identifying the source of a piece of news

It’s good to get an idea of the background of a person who says or writes something. Are they an impartial expert or someone who wants to change your opinion to suit their own agenda? For example, this statement about a flu epidemic, “Patients can already spread the virus a day before they’ve even fallen sick themselves”, is more likely to come from a doctor than a politician. On the other hand, “We have to stop people who are carrying the virus from getting into the country” is more likely to come from a politician. (22) _____________, you’re better able to decide how much importance to give it and whether you can really trust what they say.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing - the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon- neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade-and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions-is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Yet greenwashing is arguably more insidious.

Read the following passage about the Designing Spaces That Connect Us to Nature and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Biophilic design has been turning heads and winning hearts by incorporating natural elements into our living and working spaces. This approach recognizes our innate connection to nature and how it affects our well-being. Studies show that exposure to natural light, plants, and natural materials can reduce stress and improve productivity. Many modern architects now integrate gardens, water features, and large windows into their designs. These elements help create environments where people can thrive both mentally and physically. As one designer put it, "We're bringing the outside in to help people feel at home in their skin."

The benefits of biophilic design extend beyond aesthetics. [I] Hospitals with views of nature report faster patient recovery times. Office buildings with natural elements see decreased absenteeism and increased worker satisfaction. [II] Schools incorporating biophilic principles observe improved student concentration and academic performance. [III] Even retail spaces benefit, with customers spending more time and money in naturally-designed environments. These practical advantages explain why biophilic design is gaining momentum across various sectors. [IV]

Implementing biophilic design doesn't require elaborate renovations. Simple changes like adding houseplants, using natural materials, or rearranging furniture to maximize natural light can make significant differences. Even artificial representations of nature, such as nature photography or recordings of birdsong, provide some benefits. The key is creating spaces that stimulate our senses in ways that remind us of natural environments. This approach works in urban apartments, suburban homes, and rural settings alike. As cities grow denser, these natural connections become increasingly valuable for maintaining our psychological health.

Looking ahead, biophilic design will likely become standard practice rather than a luxury option. Climate change concerns are pushing architects to create buildings that not only connect with nature but also protect it. Living walls that purify air, rooftop gardens that reduce energy consumption, and materials that sequester carbon are becoming more common. These innovations represent a shift from merely appreciating nature to actively participating in its preservation. By designing spaces that honor our biological need for natural connection, we create environments that support both human and planetary health for generations to come.

The word “rearranging” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

Chế độ chính trị ở Việt Nam là thuộc thể chế gì?

Vì sao để nhân giống cây ăn quả lâu năm người ta thường chiết cành?