“Các hạt neutrino là một trong những hạt cơ bản bí ẩn bậc nhất của vật chất. Vô cùng khó để nghiên cứu về chúng vì chúng hầu như không tương tác với mọi hạt khác. Chúng trung hòa về điện tích và hầu như không mang khối lượng. Và dẫu chúng có vô số trong vũ trụ, với những số lượng vô cùng lớn xuất phát từ mặt trời và đâm xuyên qua trái đất, thậm chí cả chúng ta, mà không để lại hiệu ứng nào. Việc tìm hiểu về các hạt neutrino rất quan trọng để thử nghiệm và tinh chỉnh hiểu biết hiện tại của chúng ta về vật lý hạt, mà chúng ta vẫn gọi là Mô hình chuẩn.

“Trong những điều kiện thông thường ‘cổ điển’, các hạt neutrino sẽ không tương tác với các photon”, Ishikawa nói. “Chúng ta đã biết là các hạt neutrino và photon có thể tạo ra tương tác trong từ trường đều của quy mô cực lớn – lớn khoảng 103 km – được tìm thấy trong hình thức của vật chất mà chúng ta vẫn gọi là plasma, vốn xuất hiện quanh các ngôi sao”. Plasma là một khí ion hóa, nghĩa là tất cả các nguyên tử của nó đều dư thừa hoặc thiếu hụt electron, điều này khiến chúng trở thành các ion âm hoặc các ion dương hơn là các nguyên tử trung hòa điện tích có thể xuất hiện ở các điều kiện bình thường trên trái đất.

Sự tương tác do các nhà nghiên cứu Hokkaido miêu tả bao gồm một hiện tượng lý thuyết gọi là hiệu ứng Hall điện yếu. Đây là một tương tác điện và từ trong những điều kiện cực đoan, nơi hai lực cơ bản của tự nhiên – các lực điện từ hoặc lực yếu – sáp nhập thành lực điện yếu. Đây là một khái niệm lý thuyết, được chờ đợi có thể ứng dụng vào các điều kiện năng lượng cực cao trong giai đoạn vũ trụ sớm hoặc trong những va chạm của máy gia tốc hạt.

(Theo Thanh Phương tổng hợp, Cái nhìn mới vào các tương tác neutrino, đăng trên Tạp chí tia sáng, ngày 18/09/2023)

Tại sao việc nghiên cứu các hạt neutrino quan trọng trong lĩnh vực vật lý hạt?

Trong Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ (1954), quân đội Việt Nam đánh Pháp bằng việc

Read the following asvertisment and mark the leeter A, B, C and D on your answer sheer to indeicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

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Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Ann: Absolutely! I’ve been looking forward to it all month. Do you know what activities they have there?

b. John: Yes, they have huge water slides, a lazy river, and even a wave pool! I can’t wait to try them all.

c. John: Hey! Are you excited about the water park trip this weekend?

d. Ann: That sounds so fun! I’m definitely going to start with the biggest slide. What about you?

e. John: I think I’ll try the lazy river first; it sounds relaxing. Then we can go on the slides together!

Loại khoáng sản nào mang lại giá trị kinh tế cao mà chúng ta đang khai thác ở các vùng của Biển Đông?

Read the following passage about the A Vision of a Harmonious Multicultural Society and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

By 2050, our world will have undergone remarkable transformations in how different cultures coexist. The walls that once divided nations are vanishing into thin air as global citizens embrace diversity like never before. Technology will serve as the great equalizer, with translation devices making language barriers a thing of the past. In urban centers worldwide, neighborhoods will showcase architectural influences from multiple cultures, creating spaces where everyone feels at home regardless of their background. Public spaces will feature gardens with plants from different continents, symbolic of how various cultures can thrive together in one environment.

[I] Education systems will prioritize cultural literacy alongside traditional subjects. [II] Schools will teach world history from multiple perspectives rather than through a single cultural lens. [III] Students will routinely participate in virtual exchange programs, allowing them to form friendships with peers around the world without leaving their classrooms. [IV] Government policies will recognize that a harmonious multicultural society requires institutional support, with resources allocated to community centers where cultural exchange happens organically through shared meals, festivals, and collaborative art projects.

Economic systems will evolve to value diverse approaches to business and innovation. Companies will actively seek employees from varied backgrounds, recognizing that diverse teams create more innovative solutions. Traditional knowledge from indigenous communities will be respected and incorporated into sustainable development practices. The entertainment industry will produce content that authentically represents multiple cultures, moving beyond stereotypes to show the complexity within each tradition. Digital platforms will help preserve endangered languages and cultural practices through accessible archives and learning tools.

The greatest achievement of this harmonious world will be a new understanding of human identity. People will identify with multiple cultural traditions simultaneously without feeling conflicted about their loyalties. Holidays from various traditions will be celebrated collectively, creating new hybrid celebrations that honor multiple heritages. The concept of "us versus them" will gradually fade as people recognize shared values across different traditions. While challenges will remain, the dominant attitude will be one of curiosity rather than fear when encountering differences.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Hiến pháp năm 2013 đã khẳng định điều gì?

Trong mặt phẳng toạ độ \(Oxy\), cho \(\vec a = (1;2),\vec b = (3; - 3)\). Toạ độ của vectơ \(\vec c = 3\vec a - 2\vec b\) là?

Tụ điện là

Đạo hàm của hàm số \(y={{\sin }^{2}}2x\) là:

Mục tiêu hàng đầu của Liên hợp quốc là gì?

Gibberellin không có vai trò nào sinh lí nào?

Read the passage carefully. Choose an option (A, B, C or D) that best answers each question from 23 to 30.

1. How do children learn about wildlife? And is what they learn the sort of thing they should be learning? It is my belief that children should not just be acquiring knowledge of animals but also developing attitudes and feelings towards them based on exposure to the real lives of animals in their natural habitats. But is this happening?

2. Some research in this area indicates that it is not. Learning about animals in school is often completely disconnected from the real lives of real animals, with the result that children often end up with little or no understanding or lasting knowledge of them. They learn factual information about animals, aimed at enabling them to identify them and have various abstract ideas about them, but that is the extent of their learning. Children's storybooks tend to personify animals as characters rather than teach about them.

3. For direct contact with wild and international animals, the only opportunity most children have is visiting a zoo. The educational benefit of this for children is often given as the main reason for doing it but research has shown that zoo visits seldom add to children's knowledge of animals – the animals are simply like exhibits in a museum that the children look at without engaging with them as living creatures. Children who belong to wildlife or environmental organizations or who watch wildlife TV programmes, however, show significantly higher knowledge than any other group of children studied in research. The studies show that if children learn about animals in their natural habitats, particularly through wildlife-based activities, they know more about them than they do as a result of visiting zoos or learning about them in the classroom.

4. Research has also been done into the attitudes of children towards animals. It shows that in general terms, children form strong attachments to individual animals, usually their pets, but do not have strong feelings for animals in general. This attitude is the norm regardless of the amount or kind of learning about animals they have at school. However, those children who watch television wildlife programs show an interest in and affection for wildlife in its natural environment, and their regard for animals in general is higher.

What does the word “their” in the third paragraph refer to?

Đâu là nguồn động lực?

Nhận định nào sau đây không đúng với bản đồ số?

Read the following passage about Bonds Forged Beyond Blood and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

In today's interconnected world, (18)_________. These relationships are forged through shared experiences, mutual understanding, and deep emotional bonds that often surpass traditional family ties. While blood relations (19)_________, especially in diverse communities and modern social networks.

These special bonds are built with people who share our values, dreams, and life perspectives. Friends (20)_________. If blood relations were the only valid form of kinship, many individuals would miss out on meaningful connections that shape their lives. Having weathered countless storms together, chosen family members develop an unbreakable bond that strengthens over time, particularly during major life transitions and personal growth moments.

Some might question the authenticity of chosen families, but these relationships prove themselves genuine through actions rather than genetics. People select their chosen family members carefully, and this deliberate choice often results in deeper understanding and acceptance. Formed through shared experiences and mutual growth, (21)_________. Research shows that chosen families significantly improve mental health and overall wellbeing.

Whether celebrating achievements or facing setbacks, chosen families create safe spaces for vulnerability and growth. (22)_________, and their support comes from a place of genuine care rather than duty. These connections, though not bound by blood, create lasting legacies of love, understanding, and acceptance that enrich our lives immeasurably. Modern society increasingly recognizes and values these chosen family bonds.

Theo thang Celsius, nhiệt độ phòng là 25 ^oC. Theo thang Kelvin, nhiệt độ này tương đương với bao nhiêu độ K?

Liên hợp quốc có nhiệm vụ chủ yếu gì?

Read the passage carefully

1. Do you find yourself yawning all day at school? You probably need more sleep. However, it is not just how much sleep you get that is important. What you do before bedtime also has a huge effect on how you feel the next day. If you spend time chatting to someone on social media, or reading a book on your e- reader, you are not alone.

2. All devices' screens give out a large amount of blue light, which affects the body's production of the sleep hormone, melatonin, which can change your sleep patterns. So it is not just getting to sleep that becomes hard, but the quality of your sleep also suffers. The result is that you can wake up several times during the night, and have difficulty getting up in the morning.

3. Sleep is food for the brain, so not sleeping well can be a severe problem for anyone, especially for teenagers, because their brains are still developing. When you do not sleep well, it can be difficult to concentrate at school, which makes it harder to learn and get good grades. It can also affect your mood, making you feel sad or anxious. 

4. So, it is clear you should not use your phone before you go to sleep. Why not leave it in another room? Nothing on social media is so important that it cannot wait a few hours! You should rediscover paper books and enjoy feeling tired and sleepy before bedtime rather than wondering why your best friend has not liked your photo! How will you wake up? You do not have to use the alarm on your phone. Go and buy yourself an old-fashioned alarm clock! The negative effects that screen time is having on sleep have been in the news a lot recently, so manufacturers of smartphones and tablets have added a feature to the mobile devices that can help reduce these. Most new phones have a night-time setting that changes the colour of the screen so that it gives out less blue light. If you really cannot avoid going onto social media at bedtime, think about turning on this setting on your phone.

(Adapted from Prepare)

Which of the following is probably the author’s advice for a better bedtime?

Ứng dụng công nghệ chuẩn đoán di truyền trong chuẩn đoán bệnh cho vật nuôi có nhược điểm gì?