Moore's Law states that the general trend in computing is toward smaller, faster, and cheaper devices; specifically, that computer processing performance would double every 18 months.

By the development of new information technologies

Solely by the decision making of middle and senior managers

By the rate of growth of the organization

By two main macroeconomic forces: capital and labor

By many factors, including structure, politics, culture, and environment

Transaction costs

Procurement

Switching costs

Agency costs

Network costs

Customers, suppliers, new market entrants, and substitute products

Low-cost leadership, substitute products and services, customers: and suppliers

Low-cost leadership, new market entrants, product differentiation, and focus on market niche

New market entrants, substitute products and services, customers, and suppliers

Low-cost leadership, product differentiation, focus on market niche, and customer and supplier intimacy

It sees the organization as a social structure similar to a machine

It focuses on how inputs are combined to create outputs when technology changes are introduced into a company

It sees the firm as being infinitely malleable

It emphasizes group relationships, values and structures

It sees capital and labor as being easily substituted for one another

Captures raw data from organization or external environment

Converts raw data into meaningful form

Transfers processed information to people or activities that use it

Output returned to appropriate members of organization to help evaluate or correct input stage

CEO

CFO

CIO

CKO

infrastructure as a service

platform as a service

software as a service

virtualization as a service,

green computing

virtualization

Unix

quantum computing

SQL

input

raw data

meaningful information

feedback