Read the following passage about learning a foreign language and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

    Learning a foreign language has become increasingly important in our globalized world. It not only opens up new opportunities for communication and cultural exchange but also (18) ______. Despite these advantages, there are still challenges involved in learning a new language, especially in (19) ______.

    Many educational institutions are incorporating foreign language programs (20) ______. These programs are designed to enhance students’ cultural awareness and improve their career prospects. For example, (21) ______ in various job markets, where employers value language skills. However, it is essential (22) ______ to meet the needs of diverse learners.

(Adapted from The Benefits of Learning a Foreign Language)

Despite these advantages, there are still challenges involved in learning a new language, especially in (19) ______.

    Nomophobia, short for ‘no-mobile-phone phobia,’ is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today’s digital age.

    What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one’s mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one’s phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one’s phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

    Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

    The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as nomophobia?

    Nomophobia, short for ‘no-mobile-phone phobia,’ is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today’s digital age.

    What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one’s mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one’s phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one’s phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

    Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

    The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

    Nomophobia, short for ‘no-mobile-phone phobia,’ is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today’s digital age.

    What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one’s mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one’s phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one’s phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

    Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

    The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

    Nomophobia, short for ‘no-mobile-phone phobia,’ is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today’s digital age.

    What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one’s mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one’s phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one’s phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

    Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

    The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

The word ‘vulnerability’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.    

    Nomophobia, short for ‘no-mobile-phone phobia,’ is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today’s digital age.

    What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one’s mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one’s phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one’s phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

    Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

    The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

    Nomophobia, short for ‘no-mobile-phone phobia,’ is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today’s digital age.

    What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one’s mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one’s phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one’s phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

    Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

    The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 2?

    Nomophobia, short for ‘no-mobile-phone phobia,’ is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today’s digital age.

    What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one’s mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one’s phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one’s phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

    Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

    The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.