Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. If you have a passion that seems unusual, remember that the most interesting success stories often begin where conventional wisdom ends.

b. Although many people believe success comes only from university degrees, some of the world's most creative minds found different paths to follow their dreams.

c. Because Mark loved drawing comics since he was a child, he decided to share his work online where thousands of people now enjoy his stories every day.

d. While traditional jobs provide security, many successful people choose to take risks that allow them to create something new and meaningful.

e. When Jane started her online business from her small apartment, nobody thought she would become a respected entrepreneur in just two years.

Read the following passage about Global Challenges Requiring Diverse Solutions and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Climate change affects everyone on our planet, but different communities experience its impacts in unique ways. (18)_________. This traditional wisdom, which connects deeply with nature, can help us find better solutions to environmental problems. If we had started addressing climate change earlier, many environmental disasters could have been prevented. The effects of global warming are now visible in many regions around the world, from melting ice caps to increasing droughts and floods. These changes threaten not only ecosystems but also cultural practices tied to specific environments. Many coastal communities (19)_________, and ancient cultural sites are being damaged by extreme weather events. When diverse communities work together, sharing their unique perspectives and knowledge, innovative climate solutions emerge. Different cultural approaches to agriculture, water conservation, and energy use can inspire new ways of thinking about sustainability. Climate solutions must be culturally appropriate; (20)_________. By combining traditional wisdom with modern science, we create more effective strategies for addressing climate challenges. Communities around the world are already implementing these multicultural approaches, demonstrating (21)_________. People want immediate action on climate change; however, governments often move slowly on environmental policies. Scientists study climate patterns and develop new technologies, (22)_________. The path forward requires collaboration across cultures, disciplines, and borders. Only through inclusive dialogue and shared responsibility can we build a sustainable future that honors both human diversity and our common home.

Read the following passage about Global Challenges Requiring Diverse Solutions and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Climate change affects everyone on our planet, but different communities experience its impacts in unique ways. (18)_________. This traditional wisdom, which connects deeply with nature, can help us find better solutions to environmental problems. If we had started addressing climate change earlier, many environmental disasters could have been prevented. The effects of global warming are now visible in many regions around the world, from melting ice caps to increasing droughts and floods. These changes threaten not only ecosystems but also cultural practices tied to specific environments. Many coastal communities (19)_________, and ancient cultural sites are being damaged by extreme weather events. When diverse communities work together, sharing their unique perspectives and knowledge, innovative climate solutions emerge. Different cultural approaches to agriculture, water conservation, and energy use can inspire new ways of thinking about sustainability. Climate solutions must be culturally appropriate; (20)_________. By combining traditional wisdom with modern science, we create more effective strategies for addressing climate challenges. Communities around the world are already implementing these multicultural approaches, demonstrating (21)_________. People want immediate action on climate change; however, governments often move slowly on environmental policies. Scientists study climate patterns and develop new technologies, (22)_________. The path forward requires collaboration across cultures, disciplines, and borders. Only through inclusive dialogue and shared responsibility can we build a sustainable future that honors both human diversity and our common home.

Read the following passage about Global Challenges Requiring Diverse Solutions and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Climate change affects everyone on our planet, but different communities experience its impacts in unique ways. (18)_________. This traditional wisdom, which connects deeply with nature, can help us find better solutions to environmental problems. If we had started addressing climate change earlier, many environmental disasters could have been prevented. The effects of global warming are now visible in many regions around the world, from melting ice caps to increasing droughts and floods. These changes threaten not only ecosystems but also cultural practices tied to specific environments. Many coastal communities (19)_________, and ancient cultural sites are being damaged by extreme weather events. When diverse communities work together, sharing their unique perspectives and knowledge, innovative climate solutions emerge. Different cultural approaches to agriculture, water conservation, and energy use can inspire new ways of thinking about sustainability. Climate solutions must be culturally appropriate; (20)_________. By combining traditional wisdom with modern science, we create more effective strategies for addressing climate challenges. Communities around the world are already implementing these multicultural approaches, demonstrating (21)_________. People want immediate action on climate change; however, governments often move slowly on environmental policies. Scientists study climate patterns and develop new technologies, (22)_________. The path forward requires collaboration across cultures, disciplines, and borders. Only through inclusive dialogue and shared responsibility can we build a sustainable future that honors both human diversity and our common home.

Read the following passage about Global Challenges Requiring Diverse Solutions and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Climate change affects everyone on our planet, but different communities experience its impacts in unique ways. (18)_________. This traditional wisdom, which connects deeply with nature, can help us find better solutions to environmental problems. If we had started addressing climate change earlier, many environmental disasters could have been prevented. The effects of global warming are now visible in many regions around the world, from melting ice caps to increasing droughts and floods. These changes threaten not only ecosystems but also cultural practices tied to specific environments. Many coastal communities (19)_________, and ancient cultural sites are being damaged by extreme weather events. When diverse communities work together, sharing their unique perspectives and knowledge, innovative climate solutions emerge. Different cultural approaches to agriculture, water conservation, and energy use can inspire new ways of thinking about sustainability. Climate solutions must be culturally appropriate; (20)_________. By combining traditional wisdom with modern science, we create more effective strategies for addressing climate challenges. Communities around the world are already implementing these multicultural approaches, demonstrating (21)_________. People want immediate action on climate change; however, governments often move slowly on environmental policies. Scientists study climate patterns and develop new technologies, (22)_________. The path forward requires collaboration across cultures, disciplines, and borders. Only through inclusive dialogue and shared responsibility can we build a sustainable future that honors both human diversity and our common home.

Read the following passage about Global Challenges Requiring Diverse Solutions and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Climate change affects everyone on our planet, but different communities experience its impacts in unique ways. (18)_________. This traditional wisdom, which connects deeply with nature, can help us find better solutions to environmental problems. If we had started addressing climate change earlier, many environmental disasters could have been prevented. The effects of global warming are now visible in many regions around the world, from melting ice caps to increasing droughts and floods. These changes threaten not only ecosystems but also cultural practices tied to specific environments. Many coastal communities (19)_________, and ancient cultural sites are being damaged by extreme weather events. When diverse communities work together, sharing their unique perspectives and knowledge, innovative climate solutions emerge. Different cultural approaches to agriculture, water conservation, and energy use can inspire new ways of thinking about sustainability. Climate solutions must be culturally appropriate; (20)_________. By combining traditional wisdom with modern science, we create more effective strategies for addressing climate challenges. Communities around the world are already implementing these multicultural approaches, demonstrating (21)_________. People want immediate action on climate change; however, governments often move slowly on environmental policies. Scientists study climate patterns and develop new technologies, (22)_________. The path forward requires collaboration across cultures, disciplines, and borders. Only through inclusive dialogue and shared responsibility can we build a sustainable future that honors both human diversity and our common home.

Read the following passage about Innovation Driven by Environmental Need and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Green startups have emerged as forces for positive environmental change. These companies create sustainable solutions for urgent ecological challenges. Unlike traditional businesses prioritizing profits, green startups balance financial goals with environmental responsibility. Many were founded by young entrepreneurs who witnessed environmental degradation and felt compelled to act. Their mission extends beyond making money; they aim to heal our planet while building successful businesses.

Eco-friendly startups have grown across various sectors. From renewable energy and sustainable agriculture to zero-waste products, these companies revolutionize how we interact with our environment. GreenWave developed ocean farming requiring no fertilizers while capturing carbon. Notpla created edible packaging from seaweed as a plastic alternative. These innovations show how creativity and environmental consciousness produce extraordinary results. Their success proves sustainability and profitability can coexist.

Funding for green startups has increased in the past decade. Investors recognize supporting environmentally responsible businesses is both ethical and financially prudent. Venture capitalists have established funds dedicated to sustainable startups, providing capital to scale operations. Government grants have become more accessible to entrepreneurs developing green technologies. Despite positive developments, green startups still face regulatory hurdles and competition from established industries resistant to change.

The future looks promising for environmental businesses as consumers shift toward sustainable products. Studies show modern consumers, particularly younger generations, will pay premium prices for eco-friendly alternatives. This trend creates fertile ground for green startups to thrive. As climate concerns intensify, demand for innovative environmental solutions will grow stronger. Green startups are positioned to meet this demand while driving positive change, demonstrating business innovation and environmental stewardship can create a sustainable world.

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge faced by green startups?

Read the following passage about Innovation Driven by Environmental Need and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Green startups have emerged as forces for positive environmental change. These companies create sustainable solutions for urgent ecological challenges. Unlike traditional businesses prioritizing profits, green startups balance financial goals with environmental responsibility. Many were founded by young entrepreneurs who witnessed environmental degradation and felt compelled to act. Their mission extends beyond making money; they aim to heal our planet while building successful businesses.

Eco-friendly startups have grown across various sectors. From renewable energy and sustainable agriculture to zero-waste products, these companies revolutionize how we interact with our environment. GreenWave developed ocean farming requiring no fertilizers while capturing carbon. Notpla created edible packaging from seaweed as a plastic alternative. These innovations show how creativity and environmental consciousness produce extraordinary results. Their success proves sustainability and profitability can coexist.

Funding for green startups has increased in the past decade. Investors recognize supporting environmentally responsible businesses is both ethical and financially prudent. Venture capitalists have established funds dedicated to sustainable startups, providing capital to scale operations. Government grants have become more accessible to entrepreneurs developing green technologies. Despite positive developments, green startups still face regulatory hurdles and competition from established industries resistant to change.

The future looks promising for environmental businesses as consumers shift toward sustainable products. Studies show modern consumers, particularly younger generations, will pay premium prices for eco-friendly alternatives. This trend creates fertile ground for green startups to thrive. As climate concerns intensify, demand for innovative environmental solutions will grow stronger. Green startups are positioned to meet this demand while driving positive change, demonstrating business innovation and environmental stewardship can create a sustainable world.

The word “degradation” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

Read the following passage about Innovation Driven by Environmental Need and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Green startups have emerged as forces for positive environmental change. These companies create sustainable solutions for urgent ecological challenges. Unlike traditional businesses prioritizing profits, green startups balance financial goals with environmental responsibility. Many were founded by young entrepreneurs who witnessed environmental degradation and felt compelled to act. Their mission extends beyond making money; they aim to heal our planet while building successful businesses.

Eco-friendly startups have grown across various sectors. From renewable energy and sustainable agriculture to zero-waste products, these companies revolutionize how we interact with our environment. GreenWave developed ocean farming requiring no fertilizers while capturing carbon. Notpla created edible packaging from seaweed as a plastic alternative. These innovations show how creativity and environmental consciousness produce extraordinary results. Their success proves sustainability and profitability can coexist.

Funding for green startups has increased in the past decade. Investors recognize supporting environmentally responsible businesses is both ethical and financially prudent. Venture capitalists have established funds dedicated to sustainable startups, providing capital to scale operations. Government grants have become more accessible to entrepreneurs developing green technologies. Despite positive developments, green startups still face regulatory hurdles and competition from established industries resistant to change.

The future looks promising for environmental businesses as consumers shift toward sustainable products. Studies show modern consumers, particularly younger generations, will pay premium prices for eco-friendly alternatives. This trend creates fertile ground for green startups to thrive. As climate concerns intensify, demand for innovative environmental solutions will grow stronger. Green startups are positioned to meet this demand while driving positive change, demonstrating business innovation and environmental stewardship can create a sustainable world.

The word “Their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

Read the following passage about Innovation Driven by Environmental Need and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Green startups have emerged as forces for positive environmental change. These companies create sustainable solutions for urgent ecological challenges. Unlike traditional businesses prioritizing profits, green startups balance financial goals with environmental responsibility. Many were founded by young entrepreneurs who witnessed environmental degradation and felt compelled to act. Their mission extends beyond making money; they aim to heal our planet while building successful businesses.

Eco-friendly startups have grown across various sectors. From renewable energy and sustainable agriculture to zero-waste products, these companies revolutionize how we interact with our environment. GreenWave developed ocean farming requiring no fertilizers while capturing carbon. Notpla created edible packaging from seaweed as a plastic alternative. These innovations show how creativity and environmental consciousness produce extraordinary results. Their success proves sustainability and profitability can coexist.

Funding for green startups has increased in the past decade. Investors recognize supporting environmentally responsible businesses is both ethical and financially prudent. Venture capitalists have established funds dedicated to sustainable startups, providing capital to scale operations. Government grants have become more accessible to entrepreneurs developing green technologies. Despite positive developments, green startups still face regulatory hurdles and competition from established industries resistant to change.

The future looks promising for environmental businesses as consumers shift toward sustainable products. Studies show modern consumers, particularly younger generations, will pay premium prices for eco-friendly alternatives. This trend creates fertile ground for green startups to thrive. As climate concerns intensify, demand for innovative environmental solutions will grow stronger. Green startups are positioned to meet this demand while driving positive change, demonstrating business innovation and environmental stewardship can create a sustainable world.

The word “prudent” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.

Read the following passage about Innovation Driven by Environmental Need and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Green startups have emerged as forces for positive environmental change. These companies create sustainable solutions for urgent ecological challenges. Unlike traditional businesses prioritizing profits, green startups balance financial goals with environmental responsibility. Many were founded by young entrepreneurs who witnessed environmental degradation and felt compelled to act. Their mission extends beyond making money; they aim to heal our planet while building successful businesses.

Eco-friendly startups have grown across various sectors. From renewable energy and sustainable agriculture to zero-waste products, these companies revolutionize how we interact with our environment. GreenWave developed ocean farming requiring no fertilizers while capturing carbon. Notpla created edible packaging from seaweed as a plastic alternative. These innovations show how creativity and environmental consciousness produce extraordinary results. Their success proves sustainability and profitability can coexist.

Funding for green startups has increased in the past decade. Investors recognize supporting environmentally responsible businesses is both ethical and financially prudent. Venture capitalists have established funds dedicated to sustainable startups, providing capital to scale operations. Government grants have become more accessible to entrepreneurs developing green technologies. Despite positive developments, green startups still face regulatory hurdles and competition from established industries resistant to change.

The future looks promising for environmental businesses as consumers shift toward sustainable products. Studies show modern consumers, particularly younger generations, will pay premium prices for eco-friendly alternatives. This trend creates fertile ground for green startups to thrive. As climate concerns intensify, demand for innovative environmental solutions will grow stronger. Green startups are positioned to meet this demand while driving positive change, demonstrating business innovation and environmental stewardship can create a sustainable world.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?