Câu hỏi:

Read the following passage about species extinction, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Modern electronic devices might appear sleek and modern, but they often harbor materials that pose risks to human health. Many nations have opted not to invest in proper waste-handling facilities and instead export their electronic waste, typically to developing countries.

According to the latest report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate of about 40 million tons per year globally. So what steps can we take to address this issue?

The first step is to acknowledge the problem. We have begun to understand that modern technology can adversely affect the environment in two main ways. Firstly, the energy consumption associated with electronics is vast, contributing to approximately 2% of global carbon emissions. Secondly, the lifespan of electronic devices is becoming increasingly short.

The European Union has responded to these concerns by implementing a principle of producer responsibility, which mandates that manufacturers of electronic products are accountable for their safe disposal when these products reach the end of their usable lives.

The report also urges all countries to create comprehensive e-waste management systems, which could help mitigate health risks, create jobs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace, have played a crucial role in urging major manufacturers to seek alternatives to the hazardous substances found in their products. Encouragingly, they have made significant strides in pushing for the development of safer, non-toxic materials. This could be a vital step toward a sustainable future.

The word "acknowledge" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______

Read the following passage about species extinction, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Modern electronic devices might appear sleek and modern, but they often harbor materials that pose risks to human health. Many nations have opted not to invest in proper waste-handling facilities and instead export their electronic waste, typically to developing countries.

According to the latest report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate of about 40 million tons per year globally. So what steps can we take to address this issue?

The first step is to acknowledge the problem. We have begun to understand that modern technology can adversely affect the environment in two main ways. Firstly, the energy consumption associated with electronics is vast, contributing to approximately 2% of global carbon emissions. Secondly, the lifespan of electronic devices is becoming increasingly short.

The European Union has responded to these concerns by implementing a principle of producer responsibility, which mandates that manufacturers of electronic products are accountable for their safe disposal when these products reach the end of their usable lives.

The report also urges all countries to create comprehensive e-waste management systems, which could help mitigate health risks, create jobs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace, have played a crucial role in urging major manufacturers to seek alternatives to the hazardous substances found in their products. Encouragingly, they have made significant strides in pushing for the development of safer, non-toxic materials. This could be a vital step toward a sustainable future.

The phrase "producer responsibility" in paragraph 4 refers to _______

Read the following passage about species extinction, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Modern electronic devices might appear sleek and modern, but they often harbor materials that pose risks to human health. Many nations have opted not to invest in proper waste-handling facilities and instead export their electronic waste, typically to developing countries.

According to the latest report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate of about 40 million tons per year globally. So what steps can we take to address this issue?

The first step is to acknowledge the problem. We have begun to understand that modern technology can adversely affect the environment in two main ways. Firstly, the energy consumption associated with electronics is vast, contributing to approximately 2% of global carbon emissions. Secondly, the lifespan of electronic devices is becoming increasingly short.

The European Union has responded to these concerns by implementing a principle of producer responsibility, which mandates that manufacturers of electronic products are accountable for their safe disposal when these products reach the end of their usable lives.

The report also urges all countries to create comprehensive e-waste management systems, which could help mitigate health risks, create jobs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace, have played a crucial role in urging major manufacturers to seek alternatives to the hazardous substances found in their products. Encouragingly, they have made significant strides in pushing for the development of safer, non-toxic materials. This could be a vital step toward a sustainable future.

The phrase "alarming rate" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _______

Read the following passage about species extinction, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Modern electronic devices might appear sleek and modern, but they often harbor materials that pose risks to human health. Many nations have opted not to invest in proper waste-handling facilities and instead export their electronic waste, typically to developing countries.

According to the latest report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate of about 40 million tons per year globally. So what steps can we take to address this issue?

The first step is to acknowledge the problem. We have begun to understand that modern technology can adversely affect the environment in two main ways. Firstly, the energy consumption associated with electronics is vast, contributing to approximately 2% of global carbon emissions. Secondly, the lifespan of electronic devices is becoming increasingly short.

The European Union has responded to these concerns by implementing a principle of producer responsibility, which mandates that manufacturers of electronic products are accountable for their safe disposal when these products reach the end of their usable lives.

The report also urges all countries to create comprehensive e-waste management systems, which could help mitigate health risks, create jobs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace, have played a crucial role in urging major manufacturers to seek alternatives to the hazardous substances found in their products. Encouragingly, they have made significant strides in pushing for the development of safer, non-toxic materials. This could be a vital step toward a sustainable future.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 5?

Read the following passage about species extinction, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Modern electronic devices might appear sleek and modern, but they often harbor materials that pose risks to human health. Many nations have opted not to invest in proper waste-handling facilities and instead export their electronic waste, typically to developing countries.

According to the latest report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate of about 40 million tons per year globally. So what steps can we take to address this issue?

The first step is to acknowledge the problem. We have begun to understand that modern technology can adversely affect the environment in two main ways. Firstly, the energy consumption associated with electronics is vast, contributing to approximately 2% of global carbon emissions. Secondly, the lifespan of electronic devices is becoming increasingly short.

The European Union has responded to these concerns by implementing a principle of producer responsibility, which mandates that manufacturers of electronic products are accountable for their safe disposal when these products reach the end of their usable lives.

The report also urges all countries to create comprehensive e-waste management systems, which could help mitigate health risks, create jobs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace, have played a crucial role in urging major manufacturers to seek alternatives to the hazardous substances found in their products. Encouragingly, they have made significant strides in pushing for the development of safer, non-toxic materials. This could be a vital step toward a sustainable future.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage about species extinction, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Modern electronic devices might appear sleek and modern, but they often harbor materials that pose risks to human health. Many nations have opted not to invest in proper waste-handling facilities and instead export their electronic waste, typically to developing countries.

According to the latest report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate of about 40 million tons per year globally. So what steps can we take to address this issue?

The first step is to acknowledge the problem. We have begun to understand that modern technology can adversely affect the environment in two main ways. Firstly, the energy consumption associated with electronics is vast, contributing to approximately 2% of global carbon emissions. Secondly, the lifespan of electronic devices is becoming increasingly short.

The European Union has responded to these concerns by implementing a principle of producer responsibility, which mandates that manufacturers of electronic products are accountable for their safe disposal when these products reach the end of their usable lives.

The report also urges all countries to create comprehensive e-waste management systems, which could help mitigate health risks, create jobs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace, have played a crucial role in urging major manufacturers to seek alternatives to the hazardous substances found in their products. Encouragingly, they have made significant strides in pushing for the development of safer, non-toxic materials. This could be a vital step toward a sustainable future.

In which paragraph does the writer discuss the environmental impact of electronic devices?

Read the following passage about species extinction, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Modern electronic devices might appear sleek and modern, but they often harbor materials that pose risks to human health. Many nations have opted not to invest in proper waste-handling facilities and instead export their electronic waste, typically to developing countries.

According to the latest report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate of about 40 million tons per year globally. So what steps can we take to address this issue?

The first step is to acknowledge the problem. We have begun to understand that modern technology can adversely affect the environment in two main ways. Firstly, the energy consumption associated with electronics is vast, contributing to approximately 2% of global carbon emissions. Secondly, the lifespan of electronic devices is becoming increasingly short.

The European Union has responded to these concerns by implementing a principle of producer responsibility, which mandates that manufacturers of electronic products are accountable for their safe disposal when these products reach the end of their usable lives.

The report also urges all countries to create comprehensive e-waste management systems, which could help mitigate health risks, create jobs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace, have played a crucial role in urging major manufacturers to seek alternatives to the hazardous substances found in their products. Encouragingly, they have made significant strides in pushing for the development of safer, non-toxic materials. This could be a vital step toward a sustainable future.

In which paragraph does the writer mention the role of organizations like Greenpeace?

Read the following passage about stress and performance and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Like many emergency responders, Nicholas Groom is used to stress at work. [II] On one hand, the stress can be helpful. “I find that when attending a serious incident, it helps me to maintain focus on the situation,” Nicholas Groom said. [II]. And Groom is not alone in his complicated relationship with stress.[IV]

Many people believe that that there should be a balanced amount of stress. In other words, not too much stress so you’re not overwhelmed but not too little stress so you don’t feel unmotivated. After all, some anxiety is motivating; think of the adrenaline before a deadline or the excitement before a competition. Sports fans sometimes even talk about a “gene” in some athletes who seem to play best in the decisive final moments of a match. Furthermore, many psychologists claim that performance in many situations increases with stress up to a point. Of course, any stress can cause harm when it’s prolonged. To take just one example, a long-term high heart rate is linked to cardiovascular diseases. And additional stressors, such as financial pressures or psychiatric issues, clearly affect how beneficially someone can respond to stress.

So is there a way to harness stress to your advantage while being mindful of its detrimental long-term effects? One key factor is to avoid, whenever possible, the point when stress leads to mental and physical collapse. Crystal Wernicke, 30, has always used stress as a motivator. But juggling between parenting, a full-time job, a voluntary role and financial troubles at the same time became too much and eventually led to a two-month period of illness. Another factor is the presence of control. For those who feel powerless over their situation, stress is unlikely to be beneficial. But with some autonomy over stressful tasks, we are better able to convert that pressure into higher performance.

When it comes to stress and how it affects your performance, it’s helpful to recognize the variations in personality, type of stress and task that affect the level of pressure you are under, as well as understanding tools you can use to control and harness that stress. Ultimately, it’s not helpful to take a one-sided view, either demonizing or glorifying stress. As James C Quick, a management professor at the University of Texas, sums up: “Stress can be the kiss of death as well as the spice of life.”

(Adapted from bbc.com)

Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

On the other hand, the work can be highly pressurized. “Too much stress can impair your ability to make decisions,” he adds

Read the following passage about stress and performance and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Like many emergency responders, Nicholas Groom is used to stress at work. [II] On one hand, the stress can be helpful. “I find that when attending a serious incident, it helps me to maintain focus on the situation,” Nicholas Groom said. [II]. And Groom is not alone in his complicated relationship with stress.[IV]

Many people believe that that there should be a balanced amount of stress. In other words, not too much stress so you’re not overwhelmed but not too little stress so you don’t feel unmotivated. After all, some anxiety is motivating; think of the adrenaline before a deadline or the excitement before a competition. Sports fans sometimes even talk about a “gene” in some athletes who seem to play best in the decisive final moments of a match. Furthermore, many psychologists claim that performance in many situations increases with stress up to a point. Of course, any stress can cause harm when it’s prolonged. To take just one example, a long-term high heart rate is linked to cardiovascular diseases. And additional stressors, such as financial pressures or psychiatric issues, clearly affect how beneficially someone can respond to stress.

So is there a way to harness stress to your advantage while being mindful of its detrimental long-term effects? One key factor is to avoid, whenever possible, the point when stress leads to mental and physical collapse. Crystal Wernicke, 30, has always used stress as a motivator. But juggling between parenting, a full-time job, a voluntary role and financial troubles at the same time became too much and eventually led to a two-month period of illness. Another factor is the presence of control. For those who feel powerless over their situation, stress is unlikely to be beneficial. But with some autonomy over stressful tasks, we are better able to convert that pressure into higher performance.

When it comes to stress and how it affects your performance, it’s helpful to recognize the variations in personality, type of stress and task that affect the level of pressure you are under, as well as understanding tools you can use to control and harness that stress. Ultimately, it’s not helpful to take a one-sided view, either demonizing or glorifying stress. As James C Quick, a management professor at the University of Texas, sums up: “Stress can be the kiss of death as well as the spice of life.”

(Adapted from bbc.com)

The phrase "harness stress" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by _______

Read the following passage about stress and performance and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Like many emergency responders, Nicholas Groom is used to stress at work. [II] On one hand, the stress can be helpful. “I find that when attending a serious incident, it helps me to maintain focus on the situation,” Nicholas Groom said. [II]. And Groom is not alone in his complicated relationship with stress.[IV]

Many people believe that that there should be a balanced amount of stress. In other words, not too much stress so you’re not overwhelmed but not too little stress so you don’t feel unmotivated. After all, some anxiety is motivating; think of the adrenaline before a deadline or the excitement before a competition. Sports fans sometimes even talk about a “gene” in some athletes who seem to play best in the decisive final moments of a match. Furthermore, many psychologists claim that performance in many situations increases with stress up to a point. Of course, any stress can cause harm when it’s prolonged. To take just one example, a long-term high heart rate is linked to cardiovascular diseases. And additional stressors, such as financial pressures or psychiatric issues, clearly affect how beneficially someone can respond to stress.

So is there a way to harness stress to your advantage while being mindful of its detrimental long-term effects? One key factor is to avoid, whenever possible, the point when stress leads to mental and physical collapse. Crystal Wernicke, 30, has always used stress as a motivator. But juggling between parenting, a full-time job, a voluntary role and financial troubles at the same time became too much and eventually led to a two-month period of illness. Another factor is the presence of control. For those who feel powerless over their situation, stress is unlikely to be beneficial. But with some autonomy over stressful tasks, we are better able to convert that pressure into higher performance.

When it comes to stress and how it affects your performance, it’s helpful to recognize the variations in personality, type of stress and task that affect the level of pressure you are under, as well as understanding tools you can use to control and harness that stress. Ultimately, it’s not helpful to take a one-sided view, either demonizing or glorifying stress. As James C Quick, a management professor at the University of Texas, sums up: “Stress can be the kiss of death as well as the spice of life.”

(Adapted from bbc.com)

What does the word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to ________