Câu hỏi:

Read the following passage about Nelson Mandela and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Nelson Mandela, born on July 18, 1918, in the village of Mvezo in South Africa, is one of the most iconic figures of the 20th century. He is best known for leading the fight against apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. Mandela was born into the Thembu royal family and received a traditional education, but he went on to study law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand.

Mandela’s journey as an anti-apartheid leader began in the 1940s when he joined the African National Congress (ANC). During the 1950s, he became increasingly involved in activism, leading protests and legal challenges against apartheid policies. In 1962, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for his involvement in planning sabotage against the government. He spent 27 years in prison, mostly on Robben Island, under harsh conditions. Despite his imprisonment, Mandela’s reputation grew globally, and he became a symbol of resistance to oppression.

In 1990, due to intense domestic and international pressure, the South African government released Mandela from prison. He played a crucial role in negotiating the end of apartheid and the transition to multiracial democracy. In 1994, Mandela became South Africa’s first black president in the country’s first fully representative democratic election.

Mandela’s presidency marked a new era of racial reconciliation and healing. He focused on national unity, forgiveness, and peace, famously saying, "I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb."

After stepping down as president in 1999, Mandela continued his activism, focusing on issues like HIV/AIDS awareness and global peace. He passed away on December 5, 2013, leaving behind a legacy of courage, perseverance, and hope for future generations.

The word “He” in paragraph 3 refers to_________

Read the following passage about Nelson Mandela and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Nelson Mandela, born on July 18, 1918, in the village of Mvezo in South Africa, is one of the most iconic figures of the 20th century. He is best known for leading the fight against apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. Mandela was born into the Thembu royal family and received a traditional education, but he went on to study law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand.

Mandela’s journey as an anti-apartheid leader began in the 1940s when he joined the African National Congress (ANC). During the 1950s, he became increasingly involved in activism, leading protests and legal challenges against apartheid policies. In 1962, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for his involvement in planning sabotage against the government. He spent 27 years in prison, mostly on Robben Island, under harsh conditions. Despite his imprisonment, Mandela’s reputation grew globally, and he became a symbol of resistance to oppression.

In 1990, due to intense domestic and international pressure, the South African government released Mandela from prison. He played a crucial role in negotiating the end of apartheid and the transition to multiracial democracy. In 1994, Mandela became South Africa’s first black president in the country’s first fully representative democratic election.

Mandela’s presidency marked a new era of racial reconciliation and healing. He focused on national unity, forgiveness, and peace, famously saying, "I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb."

After stepping down as president in 1999, Mandela continued his activism, focusing on issues like HIV/AIDS awareness and global peace. He passed away on December 5, 2013, leaving behind a legacy of courage, perseverance, and hope for future generations.

The word “apartheid” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________

Read the following passage about Nelson Mandela and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Nelson Mandela, born on July 18, 1918, in the village of Mvezo in South Africa, is one of the most iconic figures of the 20th century. He is best known for leading the fight against apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. Mandela was born into the Thembu royal family and received a traditional education, but he went on to study law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand.

Mandela’s journey as an anti-apartheid leader began in the 1940s when he joined the African National Congress (ANC). During the 1950s, he became increasingly involved in activism, leading protests and legal challenges against apartheid policies. In 1962, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for his involvement in planning sabotage against the government. He spent 27 years in prison, mostly on Robben Island, under harsh conditions. Despite his imprisonment, Mandela’s reputation grew globally, and he became a symbol of resistance to oppression.

In 1990, due to intense domestic and international pressure, the South African government released Mandela from prison. He played a crucial role in negotiating the end of apartheid and the transition to multiracial democracy. In 1994, Mandela became South Africa’s first black president in the country’s first fully representative democratic election.

Mandela’s presidency marked a new era of racial reconciliation and healing. He focused on national unity, forgiveness, and peace, famously saying, "I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb."

After stepping down as president in 1999, Mandela continued his activism, focusing on issues like HIV/AIDS awareness and global peace. He passed away on December 5, 2013, leaving behind a legacy of courage, perseverance, and hope for future generations.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Read the following passage about Nelson Mandela and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Nelson Mandela, born on July 18, 1918, in the village of Mvezo in South Africa, is one of the most iconic figures of the 20th century. He is best known for leading the fight against apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. Mandela was born into the Thembu royal family and received a traditional education, but he went on to study law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand.

Mandela’s journey as an anti-apartheid leader began in the 1940s when he joined the African National Congress (ANC). During the 1950s, he became increasingly involved in activism, leading protests and legal challenges against apartheid policies. In 1962, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for his involvement in planning sabotage against the government. He spent 27 years in prison, mostly on Robben Island, under harsh conditions. Despite his imprisonment, Mandela’s reputation grew globally, and he became a symbol of resistance to oppression.

In 1990, due to intense domestic and international pressure, the South African government released Mandela from prison. He played a crucial role in negotiating the end of apartheid and the transition to multiracial democracy. In 1994, Mandela became South Africa’s first black president in the country’s first fully representative democratic election.

Mandela’s presidency marked a new era of racial reconciliation and healing. He focused on national unity, forgiveness, and peace, famously saying, "I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb."

After stepping down as president in 1999, Mandela continued his activism, focusing on issues like HIV/AIDS awareness and global peace. He passed away on December 5, 2013, leaving behind a legacy of courage, perseverance, and hope for future generations.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage about Nelson Mandela and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Nelson Mandela, born on July 18, 1918, in the village of Mvezo in South Africa, is one of the most iconic figures of the 20th century. He is best known for leading the fight against apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. Mandela was born into the Thembu royal family and received a traditional education, but he went on to study law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand.

Mandela’s journey as an anti-apartheid leader began in the 1940s when he joined the African National Congress (ANC). During the 1950s, he became increasingly involved in activism, leading protests and legal challenges against apartheid policies. In 1962, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for his involvement in planning sabotage against the government. He spent 27 years in prison, mostly on Robben Island, under harsh conditions. Despite his imprisonment, Mandela’s reputation grew globally, and he became a symbol of resistance to oppression.

In 1990, due to intense domestic and international pressure, the South African government released Mandela from prison. He played a crucial role in negotiating the end of apartheid and the transition to multiracial democracy. In 1994, Mandela became South Africa’s first black president in the country’s first fully representative democratic election.

Mandela’s presidency marked a new era of racial reconciliation and healing. He focused on national unity, forgiveness, and peace, famously saying, "I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb."

After stepping down as president in 1999, Mandela continued his activism, focusing on issues like HIV/AIDS awareness and global peace. He passed away on December 5, 2013, leaving behind a legacy of courage, perseverance, and hope for future generations.

In which paragraph does the writer mention the inheritance of Nelson Mandela?

Read the following passage about Nelson Mandela and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Nelson Mandela, born on July 18, 1918, in the village of Mvezo in South Africa, is one of the most iconic figures of the 20th century. He is best known for leading the fight against apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. Mandela was born into the Thembu royal family and received a traditional education, but he went on to study law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand.

Mandela’s journey as an anti-apartheid leader began in the 1940s when he joined the African National Congress (ANC). During the 1950s, he became increasingly involved in activism, leading protests and legal challenges against apartheid policies. In 1962, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for his involvement in planning sabotage against the government. He spent 27 years in prison, mostly on Robben Island, under harsh conditions. Despite his imprisonment, Mandela’s reputation grew globally, and he became a symbol of resistance to oppression.

In 1990, due to intense domestic and international pressure, the South African government released Mandela from prison. He played a crucial role in negotiating the end of apartheid and the transition to multiracial democracy. In 1994, Mandela became South Africa’s first black president in the country’s first fully representative democratic election.

Mandela’s presidency marked a new era of racial reconciliation and healing. He focused on national unity, forgiveness, and peace, famously saying, "I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb."

After stepping down as president in 1999, Mandela continued his activism, focusing on issues like HIV/AIDS awareness and global peace. He passed away on December 5, 2013, leaving behind a legacy of courage, perseverance, and hope for future generations.

In which paragraph does the writer mention the sorrowful year of Nelson Mandela?

Read the following passage about the Urbanization in South Korea and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urbanization in South Korea has been one of the most significant transformations in the country’s history, especially after the Korean War. From the 1950s onwards, South Korea experienced rapid industrialization, leading to a massive shift from a predominantly rural society to a modern urban one. Seoul, the capital city, became the central hub for economic, political, and cultural development. The government played a pivotal role in this transition by investing heavily in infrastructure, improving transportation, and creating job opportunities in cities, particularly in manufacturing and service sectors. These efforts attracted a large number of people from rural areas, eager to escape poverty and seek better opportunities.

As a result, cities expanded rapidly, and the demand for housing skyrocketed. To accommodate the growing population, high-rise apartment complexes were built, which became a defining feature of the urban landscape. [I]. Overcrowding in urban centres became a significant issue, and with it, the rise in pollution levels, especially air and water pollution, which negatively affected the quality of life in cities[II]. [III]Additionally, the cost of living, particularly in Seoul, became increasingly high, [IV]making it difficult for many citizens to afford housing and basic services.

Despite these challenges, urbanization has played a key role in driving South Korea’s economic growth and technological advancement. The country is now recognized as one of the world’s leading economies, largely due to the industrial and technological developments that took place in its urban centres. Urban areas have become centres of innovation, where new industries, such as information technology and electronics, thrive.

Today, the government is working to address the negative effects of rapid urbanization. Efforts to reduce pollution, improve environmental sustainability, and promote balanced development between urban and rural areas are central to current policy. While urbanization has brought prosperity and social mobility to many South Koreans, the challenge of managing growth while ensuring sustainability remains a complex issue.

In conclusion, urbanization has fundamentally reshaped South Korea’s economy, culture, and society. It has been a driving force behind the country's rise as a global economic power. However, as cities continue to grow, finding a balance between development and sustainability will be essential to ensure the well-being of future generations.

The phrase “defining feature” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by_________

Read the following passage about the Urbanization in South Korea and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urbanization in South Korea has been one of the most significant transformations in the country’s history, especially after the Korean War. From the 1950s onwards, South Korea experienced rapid industrialization, leading to a massive shift from a predominantly rural society to a modern urban one. Seoul, the capital city, became the central hub for economic, political, and cultural development. The government played a pivotal role in this transition by investing heavily in infrastructure, improving transportation, and creating job opportunities in cities, particularly in manufacturing and service sectors. These efforts attracted a large number of people from rural areas, eager to escape poverty and seek better opportunities.

As a result, cities expanded rapidly, and the demand for housing skyrocketed. To accommodate the growing population, high-rise apartment complexes were built, which became a defining feature of the urban landscape. [I]. Overcrowding in urban centres became a significant issue, and with it, the rise in pollution levels, especially air and water pollution, which negatively affected the quality of life in cities[II]. [III]Additionally, the cost of living, particularly in Seoul, became increasingly high, [IV]making it difficult for many citizens to afford housing and basic services.

Despite these challenges, urbanization has played a key role in driving South Korea’s economic growth and technological advancement. The country is now recognized as one of the world’s leading economies, largely due to the industrial and technological developments that took place in its urban centres. Urban areas have become centres of innovation, where new industries, such as information technology and electronics, thrive.

Today, the government is working to address the negative effects of rapid urbanization. Efforts to reduce pollution, improve environmental sustainability, and promote balanced development between urban and rural areas are central to current policy. While urbanization has brought prosperity and social mobility to many South Koreans, the challenge of managing growth while ensuring sustainability remains a complex issue.

In conclusion, urbanization has fundamentally reshaped South Korea’s economy, culture, and society. It has been a driving force behind the country's rise as a global economic power. However, as cities continue to grow, finding a balance between development and sustainability will be essential to ensure the well-being of future generations.

Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?

However, with this rapid growth came numerous challenges

Read the following passage about the Urbanization in South Korea and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urbanization in South Korea has been one of the most significant transformations in the country’s history, especially after the Korean War. From the 1950s onwards, South Korea experienced rapid industrialization, leading to a massive shift from a predominantly rural society to a modern urban one. Seoul, the capital city, became the central hub for economic, political, and cultural development. The government played a pivotal role in this transition by investing heavily in infrastructure, improving transportation, and creating job opportunities in cities, particularly in manufacturing and service sectors. These efforts attracted a large number of people from rural areas, eager to escape poverty and seek better opportunities.

As a result, cities expanded rapidly, and the demand for housing skyrocketed. To accommodate the growing population, high-rise apartment complexes were built, which became a defining feature of the urban landscape. [I]. Overcrowding in urban centres became a significant issue, and with it, the rise in pollution levels, especially air and water pollution, which negatively affected the quality of life in cities[II]. [III]Additionally, the cost of living, particularly in Seoul, became increasingly high, [IV]making it difficult for many citizens to afford housing and basic services.

Despite these challenges, urbanization has played a key role in driving South Korea’s economic growth and technological advancement. The country is now recognized as one of the world’s leading economies, largely due to the industrial and technological developments that took place in its urban centres. Urban areas have become centres of innovation, where new industries, such as information technology and electronics, thrive.

Today, the government is working to address the negative effects of rapid urbanization. Efforts to reduce pollution, improve environmental sustainability, and promote balanced development between urban and rural areas are central to current policy. While urbanization has brought prosperity and social mobility to many South Koreans, the challenge of managing growth while ensuring sustainability remains a complex issue.

In conclusion, urbanization has fundamentally reshaped South Korea’s economy, culture, and society. It has been a driving force behind the country's rise as a global economic power. However, as cities continue to grow, finding a balance between development and sustainability will be essential to ensure the well-being of future generations.

The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to_________

Read the following passage about the Urbanization in South Korea and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urbanization in South Korea has been one of the most significant transformations in the country’s history, especially after the Korean War. From the 1950s onwards, South Korea experienced rapid industrialization, leading to a massive shift from a predominantly rural society to a modern urban one. Seoul, the capital city, became the central hub for economic, political, and cultural development. The government played a pivotal role in this transition by investing heavily in infrastructure, improving transportation, and creating job opportunities in cities, particularly in manufacturing and service sectors. These efforts attracted a large number of people from rural areas, eager to escape poverty and seek better opportunities.

As a result, cities expanded rapidly, and the demand for housing skyrocketed. To accommodate the growing population, high-rise apartment complexes were built, which became a defining feature of the urban landscape. [I]. Overcrowding in urban centres became a significant issue, and with it, the rise in pollution levels, especially air and water pollution, which negatively affected the quality of life in cities[II]. [III]Additionally, the cost of living, particularly in Seoul, became increasingly high, [IV]making it difficult for many citizens to afford housing and basic services.

Despite these challenges, urbanization has played a key role in driving South Korea’s economic growth and technological advancement. The country is now recognized as one of the world’s leading economies, largely due to the industrial and technological developments that took place in its urban centres. Urban areas have become centres of innovation, where new industries, such as information technology and electronics, thrive.

Today, the government is working to address the negative effects of rapid urbanization. Efforts to reduce pollution, improve environmental sustainability, and promote balanced development between urban and rural areas are central to current policy. While urbanization has brought prosperity and social mobility to many South Koreans, the challenge of managing growth while ensuring sustainability remains a complex issue.

In conclusion, urbanization has fundamentally reshaped South Korea’s economy, culture, and society. It has been a driving force behind the country's rise as a global economic power. However, as cities continue to grow, finding a balance between development and sustainability will be essential to ensure the well-being of future generations.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of urbanization in South Korea?