Câu hỏi:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Autonomous vehicles

Autonomous vehicles, which were once the stuff of science fiction, are now becoming a reality. Tesla, for instance, (18) ________. A month later, the company showcased its fully self-driving car in California and has continued to expand its fleet ever since. At one of these events, Tesla's vehicle received a safety award from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2020, further validating its technology. During a presentation at the Consumer Electronics Show in 2021, Tesla highlighted its commitment to safety and innovation.

The Tesla Model S is one of the most advanced electric vehicles (19) ________. Clearly, Tesla and other manufacturers are at the forefront of transforming the automotive industry. (20) ________. The vehicles are equipped with various sensors, cameras, and AI algorithms.

(21) ________. These technologies enable the cars to navigate complex environments, such as city streets and highways, with minimal human intervention. This is a significant leap toward a future where autonomous driving becomes the norm.

Thanks to continuous advancements in technology, (22) ________. Consumers can look forward to safer and more efficient transportation solutions. Furthermore, self-driving car technology also has the potential to reshape land-use patterns, increasing car sharing and eliminating the need for private parking spaces, as well as expanding mobility for children, the elderly, and those with physical disabilities.

Choose the best answer for question 21:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Autonomous vehicles

Autonomous vehicles, which were once the stuff of science fiction, are now becoming a reality. Tesla, for instance, (18) ________. A month later, the company showcased its fully self-driving car in California and has continued to expand its fleet ever since. At one of these events, Tesla's vehicle received a safety award from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2020, further validating its technology. During a presentation at the Consumer Electronics Show in 2021, Tesla highlighted its commitment to safety and innovation.

The Tesla Model S is one of the most advanced electric vehicles (19) ________. Clearly, Tesla and other manufacturers are at the forefront of transforming the automotive industry. (20) ________. The vehicles are equipped with various sensors, cameras, and AI algorithms.

(21) ________. These technologies enable the cars to navigate complex environments, such as city streets and highways, with minimal human intervention. This is a significant leap toward a future where autonomous driving becomes the norm.

Thanks to continuous advancements in technology, (22) ________. Consumers can look forward to safer and more efficient transportation solutions. Furthermore, self-driving car technology also has the potential to reshape land-use patterns, increasing car sharing and eliminating the need for private parking spaces, as well as expanding mobility for children, the elderly, and those with physical disabilities.

Choose the best answer for question 22:

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to “mitigating” the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of urban life.

Furthermore, much of the increase in the numbers of urban poor is taking place in locations that are highly vulnerable to natural disasters and are expected to experience the greatest impact of climate change, such as low-elevation coastal zones and arid regions known as dry lands. Seasonal, temporary and permanent migration is already among the strategies that households utilize when faced with food and livelihood insecurity associated with climate variability, and climate-related migration could become more prevalent in the future with the anticipated increase in frequency and intensity of adverse climate events.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor driving urbanization?

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to “mitigating” the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of urban life.

Furthermore, much of the increase in the numbers of urban poor is taking place in locations that are highly vulnerable to natural disasters and are expected to experience the greatest impact of climate change, such as low-elevation coastal zones and arid regions known as dry lands. Seasonal, temporary and permanent migration is already among the strategies that households utilize when faced with food and livelihood insecurity associated with climate variability, and climate-related migration could become more prevalent in the future with the anticipated increase in frequency and intensity of adverse climate events.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

The word "stimulate" in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to “mitigating” the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of urban life.

Furthermore, much of the increase in the numbers of urban poor is taking place in locations that are highly vulnerable to natural disasters and are expected to experience the greatest impact of climate change, such as low-elevation coastal zones and arid regions known as dry lands. Seasonal, temporary and permanent migration is already among the strategies that households utilize when faced with food and livelihood insecurity associated with climate variability, and climate-related migration could become more prevalent in the future with the anticipated increase in frequency and intensity of adverse climate events.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

The word "they" in paragraph 1 refers to ______

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to “mitigating” the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of urban life.

Furthermore, much of the increase in the numbers of urban poor is taking place in locations that are highly vulnerable to natural disasters and are expected to experience the greatest impact of climate change, such as low-elevation coastal zones and arid regions known as dry lands. Seasonal, temporary and permanent migration is already among the strategies that households utilize when faced with food and livelihood insecurity associated with climate variability, and climate-related migration could become more prevalent in the future with the anticipated increase in frequency and intensity of adverse climate events.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

The word "mitigating" in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to “mitigating” the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of urban life.

Furthermore, much of the increase in the numbers of urban poor is taking place in locations that are highly vulnerable to natural disasters and are expected to experience the greatest impact of climate change, such as low-elevation coastal zones and arid regions known as dry lands. Seasonal, temporary and permanent migration is already among the strategies that households utilize when faced with food and livelihood insecurity associated with climate variability, and climate-related migration could become more prevalent in the future with the anticipated increase in frequency and intensity of adverse climate events.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to “mitigating” the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of urban life.

Furthermore, much of the increase in the numbers of urban poor is taking place in locations that are highly vulnerable to natural disasters and are expected to experience the greatest impact of climate change, such as low-elevation coastal zones and arid regions known as dry lands. Seasonal, temporary and permanent migration is already among the strategies that households utilize when faced with food and livelihood insecurity associated with climate variability, and climate-related migration could become more prevalent in the future with the anticipated increase in frequency and intensity of adverse climate events.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to “mitigating” the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of urban life.

Furthermore, much of the increase in the numbers of urban poor is taking place in locations that are highly vulnerable to natural disasters and are expected to experience the greatest impact of climate change, such as low-elevation coastal zones and arid regions known as dry lands. Seasonal, temporary and permanent migration is already among the strategies that households utilize when faced with food and livelihood insecurity associated with climate variability, and climate-related migration could become more prevalent in the future with the anticipated increase in frequency and intensity of adverse climate events.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

In which paragraph does the writer mention the benefits of urbanization?

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services.

The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful planning and management.

Effective urban planning is crucial to “mitigating” the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of urban life.

Furthermore, much of the increase in the numbers of urban poor is taking place in locations that are highly vulnerable to natural disasters and are expected to experience the greatest impact of climate change, such as low-elevation coastal zones and arid regions known as dry lands. Seasonal, temporary and permanent migration is already among the strategies that households utilize when faced with food and livelihood insecurity associated with climate variability, and climate-related migration could become more prevalent in the future with the anticipated increase in frequency and intensity of adverse climate events.

[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]

In which passage does the author mention that durable infrastructure helps manage the impacts of urbanization?