Ưu điểm của nghiên cứu định lượng là độ chính xác cao, giá trị khoa học và có phương pháp phân tích cụ thể.

Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm nên tập trung vào việc kiểm tra kiến thức và kỹ năng cụ thể, tránh những câu hỏi giả định (ví dụ: "Nếu...thì...") vì chúng thường mang tính chủ quan và khó đánh giá chính xác. Tương tự, câu hỏi tham khảo (ví dụ: "Theo tác giả...") và so sánh (ví dụ: "Điểm khác biệt chính là...") có thể làm tăng độ phức tạp và gây khó khăn cho việc đánh giá khách quan. Do đó, việc tránh các loại câu hỏi này giúp đảm bảo tính rõ ràng và hiệu quả của bài kiểm tra.

Nghiên cứu thử nghiệm (experimental study) khác biệt so với nghiên cứu tương quan (correlational study) ở khả năng thiết lập mối quan hệ nhân quả. Trong nghiên cứu thử nghiệm, nhà nghiên cứu chủ động thao tác một hoặc nhiều biến độc lập và đo lường tác động của chúng lên biến phụ thuộc, đồng thời kiểm soát các biến ngoại lai. Điều này cho phép kết luận về nguyên nhân và hệ quả. Nghiên cứu tương quan chỉ tìm hiểu mối liên hệ giữa các biến mà không chứng minh được biến nào gây ra biến nào. Do đó, đáp án đúng là nghiên cứu thử nghiệm có thể chứng minh được các liên hệ nguyên nhân và hệ quả rõ ràng hơn.

Nghiên cứu theo dõi là một loại nghiên cứu trong đó các đối tượng được theo dõi trong một khoảng thời gian dài để theo dõi sự thay đổi của họ theo thời gian.

Nghiên cứu thuần tập (cohort study) theo dõi một nhóm người theo thời gian để xem xét sự phát triển của bệnh hoặc kết quả. Trong nghiên cứu thuần tập, đối tượng được chọn dựa trên việc họ có tiếp xúc với một yếu tố nguy cơ hay không, chứ không phải dựa trên việc họ đã mắc bệnh hay chưa. Do đó, sai số chọn thường thấp hơn so với các nghiên cứu quan sát khác như nghiên cứu bệnh chứng (case-control study), nơi đối tượng được chọn dựa trên tình trạng bệnh, làm tăng khả năng sai số chọn do cách chọn nhóm chứng.

Giá trị suy luận căn nguyên (khả năng chứng minh mối quan hệ nhân quả) của các thiết kế nghiên cứu được sắp xếp như sau:

* Nghiên cứu bệnh chứng (c): Đây là thiết kế yếu nhất trong việc suy luận căn nguyên vì nó bắt đầu với bệnh và hồi cứu để tìm yếu tố nguy cơ. Điều này dễ dẫn đến sai lệch do nhớ lại và khó xác định trình tự thời gian.
* Nghiên cứu thuần tập hồi cứu (b): Nghiên cứu này mạnh hơn bệnh chứng vì nó xác định кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого 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