Câu hỏi:

Read the following passage about Competition in the Global Labor Market and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

In the era of globalization, competition within the global labor market has intensified significantly. Advances in technology and greater global connectivity have enabled businesses to access a vast talent pool from all corners of the world. While this has created new job opportunities, it has also increased the competition for these roles, making it more challenging for workers to secure employment.

For employers, hiring from a global labor pool offers several benefits, such as access to diverse skills, fresh perspectives, and cost advantages in certain regions where wages are lower. However, this also presents significant challenges for local workers, particularly in high-wage economies. With workers from lower-cost regions offering comparable skills at lower salaries, local employees may find it harder to compete. As a result, workers must continuously improve their qualifications and stay updated on industry trends to remain competitive.

A growing concern is that global competition could result in wage suppression. Employers, in an effort to cut costs, may opt to hire cheaper labor from developing countries, which could undermine job security in higher-wage nations. Moreover, workers in low-income countries may struggle to compete with highly skilled professionals from developed economies, leading to wider disparities in earnings and opportunities for career advancement.

The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) has added another layer of complexity to the situation. As machines and algorithms increasingly replace human labor in various sectors, the demand for certain job roles is expected to decline, exacerbating competition for the remaining positions. This technological shift could further widen the gap between high- and low-skilled workers.

In conclusion, while globalization offers opportunities for businesses and workers alike, it also presents considerable challenges. The key to success in this competitive environment lies in continuous skill development and adaptability to changing market conditions.

In which paragraph does the writer mention the benefits employers gain by hiring from a global talent pool?

Read the following passage about Competition in the Global Labor Market and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

In the era of globalization, competition within the global labor market has intensified significantly. Advances in technology and greater global connectivity have enabled businesses to access a vast talent pool from all corners of the world. While this has created new job opportunities, it has also increased the competition for these roles, making it more challenging for workers to secure employment.

For employers, hiring from a global labor pool offers several benefits, such as access to diverse skills, fresh perspectives, and cost advantages in certain regions where wages are lower. However, this also presents significant challenges for local workers, particularly in high-wage economies. With workers from lower-cost regions offering comparable skills at lower salaries, local employees may find it harder to compete. As a result, workers must continuously improve their qualifications and stay updated on industry trends to remain competitive.

A growing concern is that global competition could result in wage suppression. Employers, in an effort to cut costs, may opt to hire cheaper labor from developing countries, which could undermine job security in higher-wage nations. Moreover, workers in low-income countries may struggle to compete with highly skilled professionals from developed economies, leading to wider disparities in earnings and opportunities for career advancement.

The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) has added another layer of complexity to the situation. As machines and algorithms increasingly replace human labor in various sectors, the demand for certain job roles is expected to decline, exacerbating competition for the remaining positions. This technological shift could further widen the gap between high- and low-skilled workers.

In conclusion, while globalization offers opportunities for businesses and workers alike, it also presents considerable challenges. The key to success in this competitive environment lies in continuous skill development and adaptability to changing market conditions.

In which paragraph does the writer mention the challenges workers in high-wage economies face due to global competition?

Read the following passage about the The Issue of Fairness in the World of Work and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Fairness in the workplace is an issue that has been coming to the forefront in today’s globalized economy. As businesses spread their wings and the labor market becomes more interconnected, employees are increasingly up in arms about issues such as wage inequality, job security, and equal access to opportunities. While some progress has been made, many challenges still loom large, and fairness in the workplace continues to be a hard nut to crack.

One of the most significant challenges is wage inequality. Despite efforts to reduce the gender pay gap and improve overall wage fairness, significant disparities persist. Women, ethnic minorities, and workers in lower-income countries often earn less than their counterparts in higher-income economies, even when performing similar work. Advocates for fair wages argue that employees should be compensated based on their skills and contributions, rather than factors like gender, race, or geographical location. However, achieving this goal requires significant changes in both corporate policies and societal norms.

Workplace diversity and inclusion are also critical aspects of fairness. Many organizations have implemented diversity policies and affirmative action programs aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all employees. Despite these efforts, discrimination — both overt and subtle — still exists in many workplaces, hindering the advancement of women and minorities. Studies show that individuals from underrepresented groups are often passed over for leadership roles or career advancement opportunities. Overcoming these barriers requires more than just policy changes; it necessitates a cultural shift toward greater inclusion and respect for diversity at all levels of the organization.

[I]The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a new challenge to fairness in the workplace. [II], particularly in low-skilled roles, many workers face job displacement and reduced wages. [III]While some argue that automation will create new, higher-skilled jobs, others fear that the pace of technological change may outstrip workers’ ability to adapt, especially in sectors like manufacturing, retail, and customer service. In this context, policymakers must ensure that workers are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly automated economy.[IV]

In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in advancing fairness in the workplace, many challenges remain. Achieving true fairness requires not only addressing issues of wage equality and diversity but also ensuring that workers can adapt to the changing demands of the modern economy. Employers, workers, and governments must collaborate to create an environment where everyone has equal access to opportunities, fair pay, and the resources needed to succeed.

The phrase “hard nut to crack” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by________

Read the following passage about the The Issue of Fairness in the World of Work and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Fairness in the workplace is an issue that has been coming to the forefront in today’s globalized economy. As businesses spread their wings and the labor market becomes more interconnected, employees are increasingly up in arms about issues such as wage inequality, job security, and equal access to opportunities. While some progress has been made, many challenges still loom large, and fairness in the workplace continues to be a hard nut to crack.

One of the most significant challenges is wage inequality. Despite efforts to reduce the gender pay gap and improve overall wage fairness, significant disparities persist. Women, ethnic minorities, and workers in lower-income countries often earn less than their counterparts in higher-income economies, even when performing similar work. Advocates for fair wages argue that employees should be compensated based on their skills and contributions, rather than factors like gender, race, or geographical location. However, achieving this goal requires significant changes in both corporate policies and societal norms.

Workplace diversity and inclusion are also critical aspects of fairness. Many organizations have implemented diversity policies and affirmative action programs aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all employees. Despite these efforts, discrimination — both overt and subtle — still exists in many workplaces, hindering the advancement of women and minorities. Studies show that individuals from underrepresented groups are often passed over for leadership roles or career advancement opportunities. Overcoming these barriers requires more than just policy changes; it necessitates a cultural shift toward greater inclusion and respect for diversity at all levels of the organization.

[I]The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a new challenge to fairness in the workplace. [II], particularly in low-skilled roles, many workers face job displacement and reduced wages. [III]While some argue that automation will create new, higher-skilled jobs, others fear that the pace of technological change may outstrip workers’ ability to adapt, especially in sectors like manufacturing, retail, and customer service. In this context, policymakers must ensure that workers are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly automated economy.[IV]

In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in advancing fairness in the workplace, many challenges remain. Achieving true fairness requires not only addressing issues of wage equality and diversity but also ensuring that workers can adapt to the changing demands of the modern economy. Employers, workers, and governments must collaborate to create an environment where everyone has equal access to opportunities, fair pay, and the resources needed to succeed.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

Read the following passage about the The Issue of Fairness in the World of Work and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Fairness in the workplace is an issue that has been coming to the forefront in today’s globalized economy. As businesses spread their wings and the labor market becomes more interconnected, employees are increasingly up in arms about issues such as wage inequality, job security, and equal access to opportunities. While some progress has been made, many challenges still loom large, and fairness in the workplace continues to be a hard nut to crack.

One of the most significant challenges is wage inequality. Despite efforts to reduce the gender pay gap and improve overall wage fairness, significant disparities persist. Women, ethnic minorities, and workers in lower-income countries often earn less than their counterparts in higher-income economies, even when performing similar work. Advocates for fair wages argue that employees should be compensated based on their skills and contributions, rather than factors like gender, race, or geographical location. However, achieving this goal requires significant changes in both corporate policies and societal norms.

Workplace diversity and inclusion are also critical aspects of fairness. Many organizations have implemented diversity policies and affirmative action programs aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all employees. Despite these efforts, discrimination — both overt and subtle — still exists in many workplaces, hindering the advancement of women and minorities. Studies show that individuals from underrepresented groups are often passed over for leadership roles or career advancement opportunities. Overcoming these barriers requires more than just policy changes; it necessitates a cultural shift toward greater inclusion and respect for diversity at all levels of the organization.

[I]The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a new challenge to fairness in the workplace. [II], particularly in low-skilled roles, many workers face job displacement and reduced wages. [III]While some argue that automation will create new, higher-skilled jobs, others fear that the pace of technological change may outstrip workers’ ability to adapt, especially in sectors like manufacturing, retail, and customer service. In this context, policymakers must ensure that workers are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly automated economy.[IV]

In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in advancing fairness in the workplace, many challenges remain. Achieving true fairness requires not only addressing issues of wage equality and diversity but also ensuring that workers can adapt to the changing demands of the modern economy. Employers, workers, and governments must collaborate to create an environment where everyone has equal access to opportunities, fair pay, and the resources needed to succeed.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in passage?

Read the following passage about the The Issue of Fairness in the World of Work and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Fairness in the workplace is an issue that has been coming to the forefront in today’s globalized economy. As businesses spread their wings and the labor market becomes more interconnected, employees are increasingly up in arms about issues such as wage inequality, job security, and equal access to opportunities. While some progress has been made, many challenges still loom large, and fairness in the workplace continues to be a hard nut to crack.

One of the most significant challenges is wage inequality. Despite efforts to reduce the gender pay gap and improve overall wage fairness, significant disparities persist. Women, ethnic minorities, and workers in lower-income countries often earn less than their counterparts in higher-income economies, even when performing similar work. Advocates for fair wages argue that employees should be compensated based on their skills and contributions, rather than factors like gender, race, or geographical location. However, achieving this goal requires significant changes in both corporate policies and societal norms.

Workplace diversity and inclusion are also critical aspects of fairness. Many organizations have implemented diversity policies and affirmative action programs aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all employees. Despite these efforts, discrimination — both overt and subtle — still exists in many workplaces, hindering the advancement of women and minorities. Studies show that individuals from underrepresented groups are often passed over for leadership roles or career advancement opportunities. Overcoming these barriers requires more than just policy changes; it necessitates a cultural shift toward greater inclusion and respect for diversity at all levels of the organization.

[I]The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a new challenge to fairness in the workplace. [II], particularly in low-skilled roles, many workers face job displacement and reduced wages. [III]While some argue that automation will create new, higher-skilled jobs, others fear that the pace of technological change may outstrip workers’ ability to adapt, especially in sectors like manufacturing, retail, and customer service. In this context, policymakers must ensure that workers are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly automated economy.[IV]

In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in advancing fairness in the workplace, many challenges remain. Achieving true fairness requires not only addressing issues of wage equality and diversity but also ensuring that workers can adapt to the changing demands of the modern economy. Employers, workers, and governments must collaborate to create an environment where everyone has equal access to opportunities, fair pay, and the resources needed to succeed.

The word “affirmative” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________

Read the following passage about the The Issue of Fairness in the World of Work and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Fairness in the workplace is an issue that has been coming to the forefront in today’s globalized economy. As businesses spread their wings and the labor market becomes more interconnected, employees are increasingly up in arms about issues such as wage inequality, job security, and equal access to opportunities. While some progress has been made, many challenges still loom large, and fairness in the workplace continues to be a hard nut to crack.

One of the most significant challenges is wage inequality. Despite efforts to reduce the gender pay gap and improve overall wage fairness, significant disparities persist. Women, ethnic minorities, and workers in lower-income countries often earn less than their counterparts in higher-income economies, even when performing similar work. Advocates for fair wages argue that employees should be compensated based on their skills and contributions, rather than factors like gender, race, or geographical location. However, achieving this goal requires significant changes in both corporate policies and societal norms.

Workplace diversity and inclusion are also critical aspects of fairness. Many organizations have implemented diversity policies and affirmative action programs aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all employees. Despite these efforts, discrimination — both overt and subtle — still exists in many workplaces, hindering the advancement of women and minorities. Studies show that individuals from underrepresented groups are often passed over for leadership roles or career advancement opportunities. Overcoming these barriers requires more than just policy changes; it necessitates a cultural shift toward greater inclusion and respect for diversity at all levels of the organization.

[I]The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a new challenge to fairness in the workplace. [II], particularly in low-skilled roles, many workers face job displacement and reduced wages. [III]While some argue that automation will create new, higher-skilled jobs, others fear that the pace of technological change may outstrip workers’ ability to adapt, especially in sectors like manufacturing, retail, and customer service. In this context, policymakers must ensure that workers are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly automated economy.[IV]

In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in advancing fairness in the workplace, many challenges remain. Achieving true fairness requires not only addressing issues of wage equality and diversity but also ensuring that workers can adapt to the changing demands of the modern economy. Employers, workers, and governments must collaborate to create an environment where everyone has equal access to opportunities, fair pay, and the resources needed to succeed.

The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to_________

Read the following passage about the The Issue of Fairness in the World of Work and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Fairness in the workplace is an issue that has been coming to the forefront in today’s globalized economy. As businesses spread their wings and the labor market becomes more interconnected, employees are increasingly up in arms about issues such as wage inequality, job security, and equal access to opportunities. While some progress has been made, many challenges still loom large, and fairness in the workplace continues to be a hard nut to crack.

One of the most significant challenges is wage inequality. Despite efforts to reduce the gender pay gap and improve overall wage fairness, significant disparities persist. Women, ethnic minorities, and workers in lower-income countries often earn less than their counterparts in higher-income economies, even when performing similar work. Advocates for fair wages argue that employees should be compensated based on their skills and contributions, rather than factors like gender, race, or geographical location. However, achieving this goal requires significant changes in both corporate policies and societal norms.

Workplace diversity and inclusion are also critical aspects of fairness. Many organizations have implemented diversity policies and affirmative action programs aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all employees. Despite these efforts, discrimination — both overt and subtle — still exists in many workplaces, hindering the advancement of women and minorities. Studies show that individuals from underrepresented groups are often passed over for leadership roles or career advancement opportunities. Overcoming these barriers requires more than just policy changes; it necessitates a cultural shift toward greater inclusion and respect for diversity at all levels of the organization.

[I]The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a new challenge to fairness in the workplace. [II], particularly in low-skilled roles, many workers face job displacement and reduced wages. [III]While some argue that automation will create new, higher-skilled jobs, others fear that the pace of technological change may outstrip workers’ ability to adapt, especially in sectors like manufacturing, retail, and customer service. In this context, policymakers must ensure that workers are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly automated economy.[IV]

In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in advancing fairness in the workplace, many challenges remain. Achieving true fairness requires not only addressing issues of wage equality and diversity but also ensuring that workers can adapt to the changing demands of the modern economy. Employers, workers, and governments must collaborate to create an environment where everyone has equal access to opportunities, fair pay, and the resources needed to succeed.

Where in paragraph 4 does the following sentence best fit?

As machines increasingly replace human workers

Read the following passage about the The Issue of Fairness in the World of Work and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Fairness in the workplace is an issue that has been coming to the forefront in today’s globalized economy. As businesses spread their wings and the labor market becomes more interconnected, employees are increasingly up in arms about issues such as wage inequality, job security, and equal access to opportunities. While some progress has been made, many challenges still loom large, and fairness in the workplace continues to be a hard nut to crack.

One of the most significant challenges is wage inequality. Despite efforts to reduce the gender pay gap and improve overall wage fairness, significant disparities persist. Women, ethnic minorities, and workers in lower-income countries often earn less than their counterparts in higher-income economies, even when performing similar work. Advocates for fair wages argue that employees should be compensated based on their skills and contributions, rather than factors like gender, race, or geographical location. However, achieving this goal requires significant changes in both corporate policies and societal norms.

Workplace diversity and inclusion are also critical aspects of fairness. Many organizations have implemented diversity policies and affirmative action programs aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all employees. Despite these efforts, discrimination — both overt and subtle — still exists in many workplaces, hindering the advancement of women and minorities. Studies show that individuals from underrepresented groups are often passed over for leadership roles or career advancement opportunities. Overcoming these barriers requires more than just policy changes; it necessitates a cultural shift toward greater inclusion and respect for diversity at all levels of the organization.

[I]The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a new challenge to fairness in the workplace. [II], particularly in low-skilled roles, many workers face job displacement and reduced wages. [III]While some argue that automation will create new, higher-skilled jobs, others fear that the pace of technological change may outstrip workers’ ability to adapt, especially in sectors like manufacturing, retail, and customer service. In this context, policymakers must ensure that workers are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly automated economy.[IV]

In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in advancing fairness in the workplace, many challenges remain. Achieving true fairness requires not only addressing issues of wage equality and diversity but also ensuring that workers can adapt to the changing demands of the modern economy. Employers, workers, and governments must collaborate to create an environment where everyone has equal access to opportunities, fair pay, and the resources needed to succeed.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage about the The Issue of Fairness in the World of Work and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Fairness in the workplace is an issue that has been coming to the forefront in today’s globalized economy. As businesses spread their wings and the labor market becomes more interconnected, employees are increasingly up in arms about issues such as wage inequality, job security, and equal access to opportunities. While some progress has been made, many challenges still loom large, and fairness in the workplace continues to be a hard nut to crack.

One of the most significant challenges is wage inequality. Despite efforts to reduce the gender pay gap and improve overall wage fairness, significant disparities persist. Women, ethnic minorities, and workers in lower-income countries often earn less than their counterparts in higher-income economies, even when performing similar work. Advocates for fair wages argue that employees should be compensated based on their skills and contributions, rather than factors like gender, race, or geographical location. However, achieving this goal requires significant changes in both corporate policies and societal norms.

Workplace diversity and inclusion are also critical aspects of fairness. Many organizations have implemented diversity policies and affirmative action programs aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all employees. Despite these efforts, discrimination — both overt and subtle — still exists in many workplaces, hindering the advancement of women and minorities. Studies show that individuals from underrepresented groups are often passed over for leadership roles or career advancement opportunities. Overcoming these barriers requires more than just policy changes; it necessitates a cultural shift toward greater inclusion and respect for diversity at all levels of the organization.

[I]The rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a new challenge to fairness in the workplace. [II], particularly in low-skilled roles, many workers face job displacement and reduced wages. [III]While some argue that automation will create new, higher-skilled jobs, others fear that the pace of technological change may outstrip workers’ ability to adapt, especially in sectors like manufacturing, retail, and customer service. In this context, policymakers must ensure that workers are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly automated economy.[IV]

In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in advancing fairness in the workplace, many challenges remain. Achieving true fairness requires not only addressing issues of wage equality and diversity but also ensuring that workers can adapt to the changing demands of the modern economy. Employers, workers, and governments must collaborate to create an environment where everyone has equal access to opportunities, fair pay, and the resources needed to succeed.

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 4?