Câu hỏi:

Read the following passage about The Significance of Collaboration in Urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, is a global phenomenon reshaping landscapes and societies. As cities expand, they face an array of complex challenges, including overcrowding, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and traffic gridlock. In this context, collaboration between governments, private enterprises, and local communities is indispensable to ensure sustainable urban growth.

One of the foremost areas where cooperation is crucial is urban planning. Local governments are responsible for setting regulatory frameworks, but the active involvement of private corporations is essential to address challenges like transportation, housing shortages, and waste management. Through public-private partnerships, significant infrastructure projects can be financed and implemented, such as the construction of efficient public transit systems or the creation of eco-friendly buildings. Moreover, community engagement is key to creating cities that are inclusive and reflective of diverse needs. Local citizens offer invaluable perspectives, ensuring that development projects are not only viable but also equitable.

Environmental sustainability is another vital aspect that demands collective effort. The overwhelming impact of urbanization on the environment necessitates the implementation of green technologies and eco-conscious practices. Without the cooperative efforts of all stakeholders, it would be difficult to reduce carbon emissions, manage waste, and build resilient urban infrastructure that can withstand climate change.

In conclusion, urbanization presents both challenges and opportunities, but its success hinges on collaboration. By fostering synergistic relationships between governments, businesses, and communities, cities can evolve into thriving, sustainable, and inclusive hubs of innovation. Only through cooperation can we ensure that urbanization benefits everyone and contributes to a better future for all.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge in the urbanization process?

Read the following passage about The Significance of Collaboration in Urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, is a global phenomenon reshaping landscapes and societies. As cities expand, they face an array of complex challenges, including overcrowding, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and traffic gridlock. In this context, collaboration between governments, private enterprises, and local communities is indispensable to ensure sustainable urban growth.

One of the foremost areas where cooperation is crucial is urban planning. Local governments are responsible for setting regulatory frameworks, but the active involvement of private corporations is essential to address challenges like transportation, housing shortages, and waste management. Through public-private partnerships, significant infrastructure projects can be financed and implemented, such as the construction of efficient public transit systems or the creation of eco-friendly buildings. Moreover, community engagement is key to creating cities that are inclusive and reflective of diverse needs. Local citizens offer invaluable perspectives, ensuring that development projects are not only viable but also equitable.

Environmental sustainability is another vital aspect that demands collective effort. The overwhelming impact of urbanization on the environment necessitates the implementation of green technologies and eco-conscious practices. Without the cooperative efforts of all stakeholders, it would be difficult to reduce carbon emissions, manage waste, and build resilient urban infrastructure that can withstand climate change.

In conclusion, urbanization presents both challenges and opportunities, but its success hinges on collaboration. By fostering synergistic relationships between governments, businesses, and communities, cities can evolve into thriving, sustainable, and inclusive hubs of innovation. Only through cooperation can we ensure that urbanization benefits everyone and contributes to a better future for all.

The word “enterprises” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________

Read the following passage about The Significance of Collaboration in Urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, is a global phenomenon reshaping landscapes and societies. As cities expand, they face an array of complex challenges, including overcrowding, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and traffic gridlock. In this context, collaboration between governments, private enterprises, and local communities is indispensable to ensure sustainable urban growth.

One of the foremost areas where cooperation is crucial is urban planning. Local governments are responsible for setting regulatory frameworks, but the active involvement of private corporations is essential to address challenges like transportation, housing shortages, and waste management. Through public-private partnerships, significant infrastructure projects can be financed and implemented, such as the construction of efficient public transit systems or the creation of eco-friendly buildings. Moreover, community engagement is key to creating cities that are inclusive and reflective of diverse needs. Local citizens offer invaluable perspectives, ensuring that development projects are not only viable but also equitable.

Environmental sustainability is another vital aspect that demands collective effort. The overwhelming impact of urbanization on the environment necessitates the implementation of green technologies and eco-conscious practices. Without the cooperative efforts of all stakeholders, it would be difficult to reduce carbon emissions, manage waste, and build resilient urban infrastructure that can withstand climate change.

In conclusion, urbanization presents both challenges and opportunities, but its success hinges on collaboration. By fostering synergistic relationships between governments, businesses, and communities, cities can evolve into thriving, sustainable, and inclusive hubs of innovation. Only through cooperation can we ensure that urbanization benefits everyone and contributes to a better future for all.

The word “viable” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by_________

Read the following passage about The Significance of Collaboration in Urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, is a global phenomenon reshaping landscapes and societies. As cities expand, they face an array of complex challenges, including overcrowding, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and traffic gridlock. In this context, collaboration between governments, private enterprises, and local communities is indispensable to ensure sustainable urban growth.

One of the foremost areas where cooperation is crucial is urban planning. Local governments are responsible for setting regulatory frameworks, but the active involvement of private corporations is essential to address challenges like transportation, housing shortages, and waste management. Through public-private partnerships, significant infrastructure projects can be financed and implemented, such as the construction of efficient public transit systems or the creation of eco-friendly buildings. Moreover, community engagement is key to creating cities that are inclusive and reflective of diverse needs. Local citizens offer invaluable perspectives, ensuring that development projects are not only viable but also equitable.

Environmental sustainability is another vital aspect that demands collective effort. The overwhelming impact of urbanization on the environment necessitates the implementation of green technologies and eco-conscious practices. Without the cooperative efforts of all stakeholders, it would be difficult to reduce carbon emissions, manage waste, and build resilient urban infrastructure that can withstand climate change.

In conclusion, urbanization presents both challenges and opportunities, but its success hinges on collaboration. By fostering synergistic relationships between governments, businesses, and communities, cities can evolve into thriving, sustainable, and inclusive hubs of innovation. Only through cooperation can we ensure that urbanization benefits everyone and contributes to a better future for all.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

Read the following passage about The Significance of Collaboration in Urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, is a global phenomenon reshaping landscapes and societies. As cities expand, they face an array of complex challenges, including overcrowding, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and traffic gridlock. In this context, collaboration between governments, private enterprises, and local communities is indispensable to ensure sustainable urban growth.

One of the foremost areas where cooperation is crucial is urban planning. Local governments are responsible for setting regulatory frameworks, but the active involvement of private corporations is essential to address challenges like transportation, housing shortages, and waste management. Through public-private partnerships, significant infrastructure projects can be financed and implemented, such as the construction of efficient public transit systems or the creation of eco-friendly buildings. Moreover, community engagement is key to creating cities that are inclusive and reflective of diverse needs. Local citizens offer invaluable perspectives, ensuring that development projects are not only viable but also equitable.

Environmental sustainability is another vital aspect that demands collective effort. The overwhelming impact of urbanization on the environment necessitates the implementation of green technologies and eco-conscious practices. Without the cooperative efforts of all stakeholders, it would be difficult to reduce carbon emissions, manage waste, and build resilient urban infrastructure that can withstand climate change.

In conclusion, urbanization presents both challenges and opportunities, but its success hinges on collaboration. By fostering synergistic relationships between governments, businesses, and communities, cities can evolve into thriving, sustainable, and inclusive hubs of innovation. Only through cooperation can we ensure that urbanization benefits everyone and contributes to a better future for all.

The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to _________

Read the following passage about The Significance of Collaboration in Urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, is a global phenomenon reshaping landscapes and societies. As cities expand, they face an array of complex challenges, including overcrowding, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and traffic gridlock. In this context, collaboration between governments, private enterprises, and local communities is indispensable to ensure sustainable urban growth.

One of the foremost areas where cooperation is crucial is urban planning. Local governments are responsible for setting regulatory frameworks, but the active involvement of private corporations is essential to address challenges like transportation, housing shortages, and waste management. Through public-private partnerships, significant infrastructure projects can be financed and implemented, such as the construction of efficient public transit systems or the creation of eco-friendly buildings. Moreover, community engagement is key to creating cities that are inclusive and reflective of diverse needs. Local citizens offer invaluable perspectives, ensuring that development projects are not only viable but also equitable.

Environmental sustainability is another vital aspect that demands collective effort. The overwhelming impact of urbanization on the environment necessitates the implementation of green technologies and eco-conscious practices. Without the cooperative efforts of all stakeholders, it would be difficult to reduce carbon emissions, manage waste, and build resilient urban infrastructure that can withstand climate change.

In conclusion, urbanization presents both challenges and opportunities, but its success hinges on collaboration. By fostering synergistic relationships between governments, businesses, and communities, cities can evolve into thriving, sustainable, and inclusive hubs of innovation. Only through cooperation can we ensure that urbanization benefits everyone and contributes to a better future for all.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage about The Significance of Collaboration in Urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, is a global phenomenon reshaping landscapes and societies. As cities expand, they face an array of complex challenges, including overcrowding, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and traffic gridlock. In this context, collaboration between governments, private enterprises, and local communities is indispensable to ensure sustainable urban growth.

One of the foremost areas where cooperation is crucial is urban planning. Local governments are responsible for setting regulatory frameworks, but the active involvement of private corporations is essential to address challenges like transportation, housing shortages, and waste management. Through public-private partnerships, significant infrastructure projects can be financed and implemented, such as the construction of efficient public transit systems or the creation of eco-friendly buildings. Moreover, community engagement is key to creating cities that are inclusive and reflective of diverse needs. Local citizens offer invaluable perspectives, ensuring that development projects are not only viable but also equitable.

Environmental sustainability is another vital aspect that demands collective effort. The overwhelming impact of urbanization on the environment necessitates the implementation of green technologies and eco-conscious practices. Without the cooperative efforts of all stakeholders, it would be difficult to reduce carbon emissions, manage waste, and build resilient urban infrastructure that can withstand climate change.

In conclusion, urbanization presents both challenges and opportunities, but its success hinges on collaboration. By fostering synergistic relationships between governments, businesses, and communities, cities can evolve into thriving, sustainable, and inclusive hubs of innovation. Only through cooperation can we ensure that urbanization benefits everyone and contributes to a better future for all.

In which paragraph does the writer mention what role do local communities play in urban development?

Read the following passage about The Significance of Collaboration in Urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, is a global phenomenon reshaping landscapes and societies. As cities expand, they face an array of complex challenges, including overcrowding, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and traffic gridlock. In this context, collaboration between governments, private enterprises, and local communities is indispensable to ensure sustainable urban growth.

One of the foremost areas where cooperation is crucial is urban planning. Local governments are responsible for setting regulatory frameworks, but the active involvement of private corporations is essential to address challenges like transportation, housing shortages, and waste management. Through public-private partnerships, significant infrastructure projects can be financed and implemented, such as the construction of efficient public transit systems or the creation of eco-friendly buildings. Moreover, community engagement is key to creating cities that are inclusive and reflective of diverse needs. Local citizens offer invaluable perspectives, ensuring that development projects are not only viable but also equitable.

Environmental sustainability is another vital aspect that demands collective effort. The overwhelming impact of urbanization on the environment necessitates the implementation of green technologies and eco-conscious practices. Without the cooperative efforts of all stakeholders, it would be difficult to reduce carbon emissions, manage waste, and build resilient urban infrastructure that can withstand climate change.

In conclusion, urbanization presents both challenges and opportunities, but its success hinges on collaboration. By fostering synergistic relationships between governments, businesses, and communities, cities can evolve into thriving, sustainable, and inclusive hubs of innovation. Only through cooperation can we ensure that urbanization benefits everyone and contributes to a better future for all.

In which paragraph does the writer mention the suggestion is necessary for ensuring environmental sustainability in cities?

Read the following passage about the Why Lack of Sleep Makes It Hard to Lose Weight and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Lack of sleep is a common issue in today's fast-paced world, and it has significant consequences on both physical and mental health. One of the most surprising impacts of insufficient sleep is its effect on weight loss. While many people focus on diet and exercise to shed pounds, they often overlook the importance of sleep in the process. Research has shown that inadequate sleep can make weight loss more difficult by influencing the hormones that regulate hunger, metabolism, and fat storage.

When we don’t get enough sleep, the body produces more ghrelin, the hormone that stimulates hunger, and less leptin, the hormone that signals fullness. As a result, sleep-deprived individuals feel hungrier and are more likely to overeat. [I], often involving high-calorie, sugary snacks that provide quick energy but contribute to weight gain. [II]Moreover, lack of sleep increases the production of cortisol, a stress hormone that encourages the storage of fat, especially around the abdomen. [III]Elevated cortisol levels can make it more challenging to lose belly fat, even with regular exercise and a balanced diet.[IV]

In addition to affecting hunger and fat storage, insufficient sleep also slows down metabolism. Studies have shown that people who sleep less burn fewer calories at rest compared to those who sleep more. This means that even if someone is consuming fewer calories, a slower metabolism will reduce the amount of fat burned throughout the day, making it harder to achieve the calorie deficit necessary for weight loss.

Furthermore, sleep deprivation often leads to low energy levels and reduced motivation for physical activity. When people are tired, they are less likely to engage in regular exercise or maintain a healthy level of physical activity, which is essential for burning calories and improving overall fitness. This creates a vicious cycle where the lack of sleep leads to poor eating habits, a slower metabolism, and a lack of exercise, all of which hinder weight loss.

In conclusion, sleep plays a vital role in regulating appetite, metabolism, and fat storage. Without enough rest, it becomes much harder to lose weight, even with a proper diet and exercise plan. Therefore, prioritizing good sleep habits is just as important as healthy eating and regular physical activity in the pursuit of weight loss.

The word “shed” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________

Read the following passage about the Why Lack of Sleep Makes It Hard to Lose Weight and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Lack of sleep is a common issue in today's fast-paced world, and it has significant consequences on both physical and mental health. One of the most surprising impacts of insufficient sleep is its effect on weight loss. While many people focus on diet and exercise to shed pounds, they often overlook the importance of sleep in the process. Research has shown that inadequate sleep can make weight loss more difficult by influencing the hormones that regulate hunger, metabolism, and fat storage.

When we don’t get enough sleep, the body produces more ghrelin, the hormone that stimulates hunger, and less leptin, the hormone that signals fullness. As a result, sleep-deprived individuals feel hungrier and are more likely to overeat. [I], often involving high-calorie, sugary snacks that provide quick energy but contribute to weight gain. [II]Moreover, lack of sleep increases the production of cortisol, a stress hormone that encourages the storage of fat, especially around the abdomen. [III]Elevated cortisol levels can make it more challenging to lose belly fat, even with regular exercise and a balanced diet.[IV]

In addition to affecting hunger and fat storage, insufficient sleep also slows down metabolism. Studies have shown that people who sleep less burn fewer calories at rest compared to those who sleep more. This means that even if someone is consuming fewer calories, a slower metabolism will reduce the amount of fat burned throughout the day, making it harder to achieve the calorie deficit necessary for weight loss.

Furthermore, sleep deprivation often leads to low energy levels and reduced motivation for physical activity. When people are tired, they are less likely to engage in regular exercise or maintain a healthy level of physical activity, which is essential for burning calories and improving overall fitness. This creates a vicious cycle where the lack of sleep leads to poor eating habits, a slower metabolism, and a lack of exercise, all of which hinder weight loss.

In conclusion, sleep plays a vital role in regulating appetite, metabolism, and fat storage. Without enough rest, it becomes much harder to lose weight, even with a proper diet and exercise plan. Therefore, prioritizing good sleep habits is just as important as healthy eating and regular physical activity in the pursuit of weight loss.

Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?

This imbalance can lead to unhealthy food choices