Trong môi trường nuôi cấy liên tục, sự sinh trưởng của quần thể vi sinh vật không bao gồm pha nào?

Những người tiêu thụ các sản phẩm, dịch vụ để thoả mãn nhu cầu của mình, tạo động lực cho sản xuất phát triển được gọi là gì?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 23.

          AI (Artificial Intelligence) is revolutionizing the medical field by providing more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans. Since its development, AI has become increasingly integrated into healthcare, (18) ___________. One of the most prominent examples is its use in medical imaging, where AI-powered systems are capable of detecting diseases, like cancer, with remarkable precision.

          AI systems are particularly valued for their ability to process vast amounts of data quickly, enabling doctors to focus on patient care rather than administrative tasks. These advancements have led to (19) ___________, allowing for better overall outcomes. Not only does AI reduce the potential for human error, but it also continuously improves through learning from new medical data.

          Medical AI systems have also (20) ___________. By analyzing genetic information and patient histories, AI can suggest potential treatment options that may have been overlooked by human experts. Moreover, these systems often lack the information needed to recommend the best treatment, ensuring that treatments are more effective and better suited to individual needs.

          Despite the many benefits, some critics argue that there are still ethical concerns about the widespread adoption of AI in healthcare. For example, (21) ___________ could lead to overreliance on machines, reducing the need for skilled medical professionals. However, proponents believe that as AI continues to evolve,  the medical field will revert to traditional methods By working alongside human experts, AI has the potential to transform healthcare, making it more efficient and accessible for all.

          In summary, the rise of AI in medicine is an exciting development that shows great promise. It is essential (22) ___________. As these technologies advance, doctors may struggle to trust AI in complex cases.

Read the following passage about Renewable energy sources and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

          [I] Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, have gained global popularity as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. [II] Unlike coal and oil, renewable energy generates electricity without releasing harmful emissions, making it a cleaner option for the environment (Jacobson et al., 2017). [III] However, despite the advantages of renewable energy, there are still notable challenges that need to be addressed for it to fully replace traditional energy sources (Ell Abban et al., 2014). [IV]

          One major advantage of renewable energy is its sustainability. Renewable resources, unlike fossil fuels, are naturally replenished and do not deplete over time. For instance, solar power harnesses energy from sunlight, which is virtually endless. In addition, renewable energy contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which helps combat climate change. Many countries are increasingly investing in renewable technologies to decrease their carbon footprint and meet international climate goals.

          However, renewable energy has certain limitations. One significant issue is its intermittent nature; for example, solar and wind power depend on weather conditions, making it difficult to generate a consistent power supply. This variability can disrupt the energy grid, which relies on a steady supply of electricity to meet demand. Another challenge is the high initial cost of setting up renewable energy facilities. Although prices have decreased in recent years, installing solar panels or wind turbines still requires substantial upfront investment (IRENA, 2019).

          Despite these challenges, advancements in technology are gradually making renewable energy more efficient and accessible. Improved energy storage systems, such as batteries, allow excess power generated during favourable conditions to be stored and used later, ensuring a more reliable energy supply. As technology and infrastructure improve, renewable energy may eventually.

Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

Read the following passage about The Longitude Prize and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions

     On a stormy night in 1707, four ships struck rocks off the south coast of England and sank. [I] One thousand, four hundred sailors were drowned. [II] The ships had crashed because they had no way of knowing how far they had travelled in a particular direction; they could not calculate their longitude, which required accurate time measurement. [III] In such difficult circumstances, they believed that the best response to the disaster was a competition: the Longitude Prize. [IV]

     The Longitude Prize was no ordinary competition. To win it, someone had to find a way of calculating how far a ship had travelled east or west from its point of departure. Geniuses such as Sir Isaac Newton had failed to find a solution, so to ensure the interest of Britain’s greatest scientific minds, the government offered a prize of £20,000 — the equivalent of £2.6 million in today’s money. But to everyone’s surprise, it wasn’t a famous academic who solved the problem, but an unknown carpenter.

     When John Harrison wasn’t working with wood, he was making clocks. An accurate clock would allow sailors to calculate their position, but at the time it was thought impossible to create a mechanical clock that could work on a ship. The movement of the sea and the changes in temperature destroyed the delicate parts. However, after three frustrated attempts, Harrison’s fourth sea clock, H4, finally triumphed. Its mechanics were so good that the H4 worked better than most clocks on land.

   The Longitude Prize and Harrison’s success generated a lot of interest in the 18th century, but it was soon forgotten. However, in 2013, the British government created a new Longitude Prize, offering £10 million to the person who could solve a great challenge to humanity. An enthralled public then took part in a TV programme where viewers chose one challenge from a list of six for scientists to focus on. The question now is, will someone be able to solve it just as well as Harrison solved the challenge presented to him?

According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT a problem that arose from using mechanical clocks on ships?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

          Happiness is a universal goal, yet its ingredients differ across societies and cultures. For some, safety and security are paramount, as demonstrated by Singapore. Known for its strict laws and highly regulated environment, Singapore provides a clean, orderly, and safe place for its citizens. The government ensures access to basic necessities such as housing and healthcare, significantly reducing poverty and promoting equality. While personal freedoms may be limited, many Singaporeans find satisfaction in the stability and quality of life their country offers, showing that happiness can stem from collective security.

        In contrast, Mexico highlights the importance of social connections in achieving happiness. Despite challenges like poverty and limited access to essential resources, Mexicans often prioritize relationships with family, friends, and neighbors. Simple acts like sharing meals or gathering in the community foster a sense of belonging and emotional well-being. Psychologists have long noted that feeling part of a larger social group can be a powerful source of happiness, even when material wealth is scarce. For them, the joy derived from relationships often outweighs material concerns.

       The role of money in happiness, however, is often debated. In Mexico, many individuals live in similar financial conditions, reducing the pressure of economic competition. When neighbors lack expensive possessions, individuals are less likely to feel dissatisfied with their own circumstances. This suggests that relative wealth and equality may have a stronger influence on happiness than absolute income.

       Ultimately, there is no universal recipe for happiness. Factors like security, freedom, social bonds, and financial equality all play a role, but their importance varies depending on individual and cultural values. Happiness, therefore, remains a deeply personal and multifaceted pursuit, shaped by our unique perspectives and circumstances.                                                                   

The word reducing in paragraph 3 can best be replaced by ________.

Hình 3 mô tả một lưới thức của hệ sinh thái rừng ở vùng nhiệt đới.

Có bao nhiêu chuỗi thức ăn trong lưới thức ăn này?

Read the following passage about education in Nepal and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. 

Fashion in the 1960s reflected the cultural and political upheaval of the time. The hippie and counterculture movement gave rise to accessories like Pocahontas-style headbands and medallions worn around the neck. Hippies wore long, loosely fitting clothing, often in natural fabrics. Hemlines rose as Mary Quant popularized the miniskirt and hot pants in her lines for JC Penney. And mod fashion, with brightly colored space-age geometric patterns, shift dresses and colored tights became the mainstream. Both miniskirts and mod-shift dresses were worn with knee-high go-go boots.

[A] During the 1970s, the loose-fitting hippie clothes of the prior decade gave way to exotic fabrics and bell-bottom jeans for men and women. Hemlines continued to rise and hot pants continued their popularity, reflecting the flashy style of the decade. However, the 1970s also saw the popularity of a longer hemline, from mid-calf to ankle-length. [B] Women wore peasant-style clothing, especially blouses with off-the-shoulder necklines and lace trim, with their jeans or skirts. [C] Disco fashion emerged, featuring bright patterns and tightly fitting clothing meant to show off the body. Platform shoes elevated their wearer, male or female, anywhere from two to four inches or more. [D]

The 1980s saw another fashion upheaval. Angst-ridden punks wore Dr. Marten and steel-toed army boots, chains, tartan patterns, and bondage pants. Punks focused more on their hair during this period, dying, teasing and chopping their hair into asymmetric styles that seemed to defy gravity. Women—and men—experimented with heavy eyeliner in a variety of colors. Women wore neon colors, jelly shoes, tight jeans, leggings, leg warmers and oversized sweatshirts. Menswear-inspired looks also became popular for both sexes. Men wore ‘power suits,’ named so for their price, which made these suits a reflection of the wealth of the wearer. Women’s jackets featured big shoulder pads that made the shoulders appear higher and larger, similar to the male silhouette.

1990’s fashion was far more subdued than the garish, wild styles of the 1980s. Bands like Nirvana influenced the grunge look, which featured rock-concert tee shirts under plaid flannel shirts, jeans and long, greasy hair. Overalls were worn by both sexes, either with one or both shoulder straps unhooked. The punk style of the 1870s and 1980s evolved into the goth fashion trend, which featured black clothing, black boots and studded bracelets in the style of bands like Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson.

Where does the following sentence best fit?

Embroidered clothing became especially popular with this trend.

Nhiệt độ của vật nào tăng lên nhiều nhất khi thả rơi bốn vật bằng nhôm, đồng, chì, sắt có cùng khối lượng từ cùng một độ cao xuống đất (coi như toàn bộ độ giảm cơ năng dùng để làm nóng vật)?

Cơ chế thị trường có những nhược điểm gì?

Tại sao khi tiến hành ghép cành thì nên cắt bỏ hết lá trên cành ghép?

Từ nửa sau thế kỉ XVII, tình hình nông nghiệp nước ta có điểm gì nổi bật?

Xét hàm số \(y=\text{cos}x\) trên khoảng \(\left( \frac{\pi }{5};\frac{4\pi }{3} \right)\) đồng biến trên khoảng có độ dài là

Hãy cho biết đồ thị biểu diễn sự biến thiên của gia tốc theo li độ trong dao động điều hòa có dạng hình.

Men răng là lớp ngoài cùng của răng, được coi là chất cứng nhất trong cơ thể người. Chính nhờ lớp men này mà răng của chúng ta có thể chịu được những lực nhai nghiền lớn. Một trong những yếu tố quan trọng tạo nên độ cứng chắc của men răng chính là các khoáng chất tự nhiên, trong đó phải kể đến khoáng chất \(\mathrm{Ca}_{5}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{3}(\mathrm{OH})\). Khi trong khoang miệng có sự lên men tạo acid, hoặc quá trình ăn uống có loại thức ăn có tính acid, nhóm \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\)trong khoáng chất sẽ phản ứng, lâu dần làm mất đi khoáng chất, men răng trở nên yếu đi, dễ bị vi khuẩn tấn công và gây sâu răng. Để thế vào vị trí của nhóm \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\)đó, ion nào sau đây được bổ sung vào thành phần của kem đánh răng?

Hệ quả nào không phải là của khu vực hóa kinh tế?

Nhận định nào dưới đây không đúng về đặc điểm dân cư của Mỹ La tinh?

Ông An muốn xây một cái bể chứa nước lớn dạng một khối hộp chữ nhật không nắp có thể tích bằng 288 288 \({{m}^{3}}\). Đáy bể là hình chữ nhật có chiều dài gấp đôi chiều rộng, giá thuê nhân công để xây bể là 500 000 đồng/\({{m}^{2}}\). Ba kích thước của bể được mô tả như hình vẽ dưới \((a(m)>0,c(m)>0)\).

Nếu ông An biết xác định các kích thước của bể hợp lí thì chi phí thuê nhân công sẽ thấp nhất (Biết độ dày thành bể và đáy bể không đáng kể). Khi đó:

Giả sử doanh số (tính bằng số sản phẩm) của một sản phẩm mới (trong vòng một số năm nhất định) tuân theo quy luật logistic được mô hình hoá bằng hàm số \(y=f\left( t \right)=\frac{5\,000}{1+5{{\text{e}}^{-t}}},\,t\ge 0,\) trong đó thời gian \(t\) (năm) được tính kể từ khi phát hành sản phẩm mới. Khi đó, đạo hàm \(f\text{ }\!\!'\!\!\text{ }\left( t \right)\) sẽ biểu thị tốc độ bán hàng. Sau khi phát hành bao nhiêu năm thì tốc độ bán hàng là lớn nhất? (làm tròn kết quả tới chữ số hàng phần mười).