Sự đa dạng cơ cấu cây trồng, vật nuôi trong nông nghiệp nước ta do nhân tố nào của khí hậu tạo nên?

Trong phân tử hydrocarbon X, phần trăm khối lượng carbon bằng 83,33%. Phát biểu nào về X sau đây là đúng?

Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

    [I] Urbanization refers to the increasing population shift from rural to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and metropolitan regions (Hall, 2014). [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, improved living standards, and social amenities available in urban centers. [III] As a result, urbanization significantly impacts both individuals and communities, leading to a range of benefits and challenges (Davis, 2016). [IV]

    One of the primary advantages of urbanization is the economic growth it fosters. Cities often provide a plethora of job opportunities, attracting individuals seeking better employment and higher incomes. In urban areas, businesses flourish due to increased demand for goods and services, leading to enhanced economic productivity. Moreover, urbanization encourages innovation and technological advancements, as a dense concentration of people often fosters creativity and collaboration (Florida, 2017).

    However, urbanization also presents significant challenges. Rapid population growth in cities can lead to overcrowding, straining public services such as transportation, healthcare, and education. Many urban areas struggle to provide adequate housing, resulting in the proliferation of informal settlements and slums. According to the United Nations (2018), nearly one billion people live in slums, lacking access to basic services. They also face adverse living conditions. This situation exacerbates social inequality and can lead to increased crime rates and health issues.

    To address the challenges of urbanization, sustainable urban planning is essential. Governments and urban planners must prioritize creating inclusive, well-connected cities that provide access to essential services for all residents. Strategies such as developing affordable housing, enhancing public transport systems, and promoting green spaces can help improve the quality of life in urban areas while mitigating the negative impacts of urbanization (World Bank, 2019).

(Adapted from Urbanization and Its Impact by Hall, Davis, and others)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The World’s First GPS

    On a stormy night in 1707, four ships struck rocks off the south coast of England and sank. One thousand, four hundred sailors were drowned. The ships had crashed because they had no way of knowing how far they had travelled in a particular direction; they could not calculate their longitude, which required accurate time measurement. (18) ______. In such difficult circumstances, they believed that the best response to the disaster was a competition: the Longitude Prize.

    The Longitude Prize was no ordinary competition. (19) ______. Geniuses such as Sir Isaac Newton had failed to find a solution, so to ensure the interest of Britain’s greatest scientific minds, the government offered a prize of £20,000 - the equivalent of £2.6 million in today’s money. But to everyone’s surprise, it wasn’t a famous academic who solved the problem, but an unknown carpenter. When John Harrison wasn’t working with wood, (20) ______. An accurate clock would allow sailors to calculate their position, but at the time it was thought impossible to create a mechanical clock (21) ______. The movement of the sea and the changes in temperature destroyed the delicate parts. However, after three frustrated attempts, Harrison’s fourth sea clock, H4, finally triumphed. Its mechanics were so good that the H14 worked better than most clocks on land.

    The Longitude Prize and Harrison’s success (22) ______. However, in 2013, the British government created a new Longitude Prize, offering £10 million to the person who could solve a great challenge to humanity.

(Adapted from Friends Global)