So với miền Tây Bắc và Bắc Trung Bộ, mùa đông của miền Bắc và Đông Bắc Bắc Bộ nước ta

Nitrogen là một phần của các amino acid, protein, và nucleic acid và thường giới hạn sinh trưởng của thực vật.

Các dạng nitrogen cần thiết cho sự sống: Thực vật sử dụng 2 dạng nitrogen vô cơ (đạm vô cơ) – ammonium (\(\text{NH}_{4}^{+}\)) và nitrate (\(\text{NO}_{3}^{-}\)) và một số dạng nitrogen hữu cơ như amino acid. Các vi khuẩn khác nhau có thể sử dụng tất cả các dạng nitrogen kể cả nitrite (\(\text{NO}_{2}^{-}\)). Động vật chỉ sử dụng nitrogen hữu cơ.

Nguồn dự trữ nitrogen: Nguồn dự trữ nitrogen chủ yếu là bầu khí quyển, với 80% khí nitrogen (N₂). Nguồn dự trữ khác là trong đất và các trầm tích hồ, sông và đại dương (nitrogen liên kết); nước bề mặt và nước ngầm (nitrogen hòa tan); và sinh khối của sinh vật sống.

Các quá trình chủ yếu: Con đường chính của nitrogen đi vào hệ sinh thái là cố định nitrogen phân tử (N₂) thành dạng đạm có thể sử dụng để tổng hợp thành phần nitrogen hữu cơ. Một số phân tử nitrogen cũng có thể được cố định nhờ ánh sáng mặt trời. Các dạng phân đạm \(\text{NH}_{4}^{+}\) và \(\text{NO}_{3}^{-}\) hình thành trong bầu khí quyển, theo nước mưa và bụi đi vào các hệ sinh thái. Quá trình ammonia hóa phân giải chất hữu cơ thành đạm ammonia (\(\text{NH}_{4}^{+}\)). Quá trình nitrate hóa, qua hoạt động của vi khuẩn nitrate hóa, phân giải đạm ammonia thành đạm nitrate (\(\text{NO}_{3}^{-}\)). Dưới các điều kiện kị khí, vi khuẩn phản nitrate hóa sử dụng đạm   trong quá trình trao đổi chất thay cho O₂ và giải phóng N₂ – quá trình này được gọi là phản nitrate hóa.

Thực vật sử dụng nitrogen dưới dạng

Tốc độ bộ vi xử lý (CPU) được đo bằng đơn vị nào?

Biểu hiện của tăng trưởng xanh không phải là yếu tố nào?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

We couldn't solve the problem until our teacher arrived.

Trong thời kì 1945 – 1954, nước Việt Nam Dân chủ cộng hòa có hoạt động đối ngoại nào sau đây?

Kiến thức địa lí kinh tế - xã hội định hướng nhóm ngành nghề gì?

Địa lí kinh tế - xã hội không định hướng nghề nghiệp liên quan đến lĩnh vực về

Những cơ chế nào dưới đây giúp tăng bài tiết nước tiểu?

1. Lượng nước trong cơ thể tăng.

2. Áp suất thẩm thấu giảm.

3. Huyết áp tăng.

4. Cơ thể dư thừa nước.

Read the following passage about the Exploring The Universe and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Science is a vast and fascinating field that seeks to understand the natural world and the universe beyond[I]. It encompasses various disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy[II]. Each of these areas contributes to our understanding of complex phenomena, [III]. For instance, scientific research has led to significant breakthroughs in medicine, renewable energy, and environmental conservation[IV]. In this essay, we will explore the impact of science on our lives, particularly focusing on space exploration.

One of the most intriguing aspects of science is space exploration. Humans have always looked to the stars, wondering what lies beyond our planet. The launch of satellites and manned missions has allowed us to gather valuable information about the cosmos. For example, NASA's Mars Rover has provided insight into the potential for life on other planets. Through meticulous research and data collection, scientists can analyze soil samples and atmospheric conditions, paving the way for future explorations.

Space exploration also raises critical questions about our existence and the future of humanity. As we continue to advance technologically, the prospect of colonizing other planets becomes more plausible. This endeavor could serve as a solution to the challenges we face on Earth, such as overpopulation and resource depletion. However, ethical considerations must guide these efforts. We must ensure that we do not repeat the mistakes of history, such as the exploitation of natural resources and indigenous populations.

Moreover, scientific advancements have enabled us to develop technologies that enhance our understanding of the universe. Telescopes and space probes allow us to observe distant galaxies, study black holes, and uncover the mysteries of dark matter. Each discovery leads to new questions, further fueling our curiosity and drive for knowledge. The concept of the multiverse, for instance, challenges our understanding of reality and pushes the boundaries of scientific thought.

In addition to exploring the universe, science plays a crucial role in addressing pressing issues on Earth. Climate change, for example, is a significant concern that scientists are actively investigating. Through climate models and data analysis, researchers can predict future trends and propose solutions to mitigate the effects of global warming. Public awareness and education are essential in fostering a collective response to environmental challenges.

As we reflect on the wonders of science, it is clear that its contributions extend far beyond mere knowledge acquisition. Science empowers us to make informed decisions about our health, environment, and future. By fostering a culture of curiosity and critical thinking, we can inspire future generations to continue exploring the unknown.

The phrase “paving the way” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by_______.

Nhận định nào sau đây không phải ưu điểm của cơ chế thị trường?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Charles said. “I saw Jack at a party a few months ago and he seemed fine. ”

Nhược điểm của cơ chế thị trường là

Read the passage carefully. Choose an option (A, B, C or D) that best answers each question from 16 to 22.

1. Like many emergency responders, Nicholas Groom is used to stress at work.  On the one hand, the stress can be helpful. “I find that when attending a serious incident, it helps me to maintain focus on the situation,” Nicholas Groom said. On the other hand, the work can be highly pressurized. “Too much stress can impair your ability to make decisions,” he adds. And Groom is not alone in his complicated relationship with stress.

2. Many people believe that there should be a balanced amount of stress. In other words, not too much stress so you’re not overwhelmed but not too little stress so you don’t feel unmotivated. After all, some anxiety is motivating; think of the adrenaline before a deadline or the excitement before a competition.  Sports fans sometimes even talk about a “gene” in some athletes who seem to play best in the decisive final moments of a match. Furthermore, many psychologists claim that performance in many situations increases with stress up to a point. Of course, any stress can cause harm when it’s prolonged. To take just one example, a long-term high heart rate is linked to cardiovascular diseases. And additional stressors, such as financial pressures or psychiatric issues, clearly affect how beneficially someone can respond to stress.  

3. So is there a way to harness stress to your advantage while being mindful of its detrimental long-term effects? One key factor is to avoid, whenever possible, the point when stress leads to mental and physical collapse. Crystal Wernicke, 30, has always used stress as a motivator. But juggling between parenting, a full-time job, a voluntary role and financial troubles at the same time became too much and eventually led to a two-month period of illness. Another factor is the presence of control. For those who feel powerless over their situation, stress is unlikely to be beneficial. But with some autonomy over stressful tasks, we are better able to convert that pressure into higher performance.

4. When it comes to stress and how it affects your performance, it’s helpful to recognize the variations in personality, type of stress and task that affect the level of pressure you are under, as well as understanding tools you can use to control and harness that stress. Ultimately, it’s not helpful to take a one-sided view, either demonizing or glorifying stress. As James C Quick, a management professor at the University of Texas, sums up: “Stress can be the kiss of death as well as the spice of life.”

Why was Crystal Vernicke sick for two months?