Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

Bullying is hard to control and it affects millions of teenagers every day. In the past, it mostly happened at school or in public places, but nowadays the Internet makes it possible for bullies to (24)_______ their victims at home. We call it cyberbullying - when a bully teases or threatens someone online. Experts believe that almost all children and teenagers will experience bullying at some point in their lives.

Most people know that if someone bullies you, you can tell a teacher or a parent. (25)_______ what should you do if you see bullying happening to someone else? People (26)_______ try to ignore bullying become bystanders: they stand by and see bullying happen, but don’t do anything to stop it. Sometimes bystanders are frightened of the bullies, or they’re embarrassed about telling their parents or a teacher. (27)________ reason is that they just feel confused about what to do. But if you don’t do anything, bullies think that their behavior is not bad. They think that people don’t mind, and more bullying happens. That’s why we need to be up-standers. Up-standers say “no” to bullies because bullying is (28)_______ !

Bullying is hard to stop - but together, we can stop it by being up-standers, not bystanders.

Read the following advertisement/announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 10 to 15.

HOW TO FIGHT AGAINST SOCIAL ISSUES

- Are you (13) __________  about the pressing social issues facing our society today?

- Take a stand against overpopulation, (14) __________, crime, and body shaming.

- Join us in creating a better world for all.

+ Stand up, speak out, and make a difference.

+ Together, we (15) __________tackle these challenges head-on and create a more inclusive and compassionate community.

+ Let's work together to combat  these social issues and build a brighter future for everyone.

- Join the movement today!

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Their academic performance often declines because they struggle to concentrate and lack motivation.

b. Over time, these negative effects can limit their ability to make important life decisions and build a successful future.

c. Domestic violence has a serious impact on teenagers, affecting both their mental health and personal development.

d. Many experience constant fear and stress, which can lead to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.

e. It also affects their social relationships, making it difficult for them to trust others or communicate their emotions.

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

☛ Join Us for a Unique Workshop on Cultural Heritage!

✔ Date: 25–29 November

✔ Location: Bucharest, Romania

Discover how to safeguard (1) _______ while promoting sustainable development in communities! This capacity-building workshop focuses on empowering local participation, ensuring social equity, and (2) _______ sustainable growth.

Who Should Attend?

(3) _______ in:

✔ Culture management

✔ Museology

✔ Environmental conservation

✔ Heritage education

✔ Youth engagement

✔ Community initiatives and local development

What's in It for You?

✔ Practical skills and knowledge for cultural heritage safeguarding.

✔ Insights (4) _______ sustainable development and community empowerment.

✔ Opportunities to network with experts and peers.

(5) _______ by the Regional Centre for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in South-Eastern Europe, UNESCO, and the Ministry of Culture in Romania. Hosted at the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant in Bucharest.

Facilitators: Ms. Ioana Baskerville and Mr. Julio Sa Rego, UNESCO experts.

Don't miss this chance (6) _______ to preserving cultural heritage for a better future!

Register now!

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. 

Protecting Our Cultural Heritage

• Cultural heritage is a precious gift handed down from our ancestors. It reflects the identity and (7) _______ of a community, connecting the past with the present and guiding us into the future. However, the effects of urbanization, climate change, and neglect have put many cultural sites (8) _______ risk.

❖ Key Challenges:

Each year, thousands of historic landmarks and artifacts are (9) _______ due to environmental factors or human activities. In addition, a lack of awareness among local communities has hindered efforts to protect these treasures for future generations.

❖ What Can We Do?

Promote cultural tourism while (10) _______ the integrity of heritage sites.

• Support educational programs that highlight the (11) _______ of preserving cultural artifacts.

• Encourage (12) _______ individuals to participate in conservation projects, such as restoring old buildings or cataloging historical documents.

By taking these steps, we can ensure that our cultural heritage survives the test of time and continues to inspire future generations.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

       Nowadays more and more teenagers are getting involved in community activities. Some may join different charity groups to help the needy in their neighborhoods or other areas.  (18)_______  and develop their own plans to help people in the community. These may include various community activities, such as donating old clothes, (19)_______ , and organizing after-school activities for children.

          (20)_______  , they gain numerous benefits. First, they come into contact with other teenagers who share similar interests. Secondly, teenagers can learn and improve  (21)_______ . Thirdly, community activities can increase teenagers' self-confidence and  (22)_______ . Finally, doing volunteer work in the community is the perfect opportunity  (23)_______  essential leadership experience that all employers want to see.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. Natural hazards cause significant harm to both people and cultural heritage. They damage tangible heritage, such as buildings and infrastructure, as well as intangible heritage, like traditions, social values, and emotional connections to places. World Heritage sites, which protect both cultural and natural heritage, are also at risk. Disasters disrupt cultural systems, making communities more susceptible during and after these events.

2. [I] Culture plays an important role in how people view risks and respond to hazards. [II] From there, culture also influences people's risk indirectly because it impacts their livelihood choices, settlement location, social networks and availability for preparedness activities, including disaster risk reduction education. [III] These aspects affect how vulnerable a community is to natural hazards. [IV]

3. An increasing number of natural hazards are damaging heritage sites and disrupting cultural practices. This weakens the resilience of communities, particularly those that rely on heritage for local resources and sustainable development. Despite these threats, cultural and natural heritage can also strengthen communities by helping them adapt to risks and reduce their exposure to hazards, including climate change.

4. UNESCO protects cultural and natural heritage and uses it as a platform for disaster risk reduction. These efforts aim to build community resilience and ensure that no one is left behind.

5. World Heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves, and UNESCO Global Geoparks are essential for sustainable development. These sites protect natural and cultural heritage while promoting biodiversity and resource conservation. However, they face risks from natural hazards and extreme weather, which can affect nearby communities and resonate globally. At the same time, these sites educate people about disaster risks and solutions, offering opportunities to build safer, more resilient futures.

Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

1. A group of teenagers and young adults from the U.S. and the U.K. are among the most common cyber attackers today, according to Charles Carmakal, the CTO of Mandiant Consulting. He shared this information during a media briefing at the RSA Conference. They typically speak English as their first language and are very skilled at tricking people, also known as social engineering.

2. These young hackers were responsible for some of the biggest cyber attacks last year, including breaches at companies like Twilio, Uber, and Okta. The attack on Twilio affected at least 163 other victims, making the damage even worse. Carmakal said, "We've seen very young individuals break into some of the biggest organizations by leveraging these techniques that are so hard to defend against."

3. These attackers use personalized tricks to convince people to visit harmful websites and share sensitive information, like passwords and multi-factor authentication codes. Carmakal explained, "It's all traversing through the cellular network so enterprises aren't able to even monitor this and detect it," making it harder for companies to protect themselves.

4. Groups like Oktapus and Lapsus$ are known for using threats and harassment in their attacks. They target not only companies but also the families of employees. Carmakal shared, "It's a very different story if you're an executive of the company, and your daughter is being harassed by a threat actor." These personal attacks often make it more likely for victims to pay the ransom, as Carmakal said, "Your desire to pay or your willingness to pay shoots up tenfold when you're dealing with personal attacks."

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Vietnam's population structure has undergone major changes over the last 40 years. (18) __________. This phase is marked by a large working-age population (15-64 years), which is double the size of the dependent group (under 15 and over 65). This demographic advantage provides a chance for significant socio-economic growth. (19) __________ by putting in place suitable policies in the areas of healthcare, education, and economic development.

However, Vietnam is also experiencing rapid population aging. (20) __________. As a result, the country will transition from an "aging" to an "aged" population in the next 20 years.

Additionally, the number of women aged 15-49 will continue to rise for the next 15 years, (21) __________. Vietnam also faces a serious sex ratio imbalance, with more boys being born than girls. This imbalance could lead to long-term social and economic problems, such as gender discrimination.

Given these changes, (22) __________ that address the needs of different groups, ensuring no one is left behind in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Trang: A couple of times, but I just blocked the person.

b. Linh: Have you ever gotten mean messages online?

c. Linh: That's smart. Some people keep reading them and feel worse.

d. Linh: True. Social media should do more about it.

e. Trang: Yeah, but ignoring it doesn't always make it stop.

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

TACKLING INCOME INEQUALITY: A PATH TO FAIRER OPPORTUNITIES

What is Income Inequality?

Income inequality occurs when there is a significant gap between what different groups of people earn. In the past 50 years, this gap (7) __________, especially in the U.S. It's important to note that income inequality is different from wealth inequality—income refers to (8) __________ and wages, while wealth focuses on assets and net worth.

Why Does Income Inequality Exist?

✔ Technology: While tech improvements bring benefits, they have also led to job losses for some workers and lower wages for (9) __________ with less education.

✔ Gender and Race: Women and people of color tend to earn (10) __________ than men and white people in similar jobs.

✔ Education: People without higher education earn less money compared to those with college degrees or higher.

How Can We Reduce Income Inequality?

✔ Government Policies: Governments should (11) __________ when the free market doesn't provide equal opportunities for everyone.

✔ Education and Healthcare: Providing better access (12) __________ education and healthcare can help reduce income inequality.

✔ Let's work together for a more equal world!

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

The police have arrested a young man. A famous stamp collection was stolen by him two weeks ago.

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Additionally, restoring heritage sites can boost tourism, which benefits local economies and communities.

b. In my opinion, restoring heritage sites is essential as they represent important aspects of our history and culture.

c. It is crucial, however, that the restoration process respects the original design and significance of the site to maintain its historical value.

d. These sites offer valuable insights into past societies, allowing us to understand and appreciate different cultural traditions.

e. Through careful restoration, we can preserve architectural landmarks and prevent their deterioration.

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information. It can sometimes happen by mistake, but often it is intentionally exaggerated. This can be done by using catchy headlines or taking details out of context to make a story more interesting. Misinformation online is growing, and (18) __________.

Social media has become a main source of news, which has helped misinformation spread. Anyone with a social media account can share news, and (19) __________. On social media, posts that grab attention are more likely to go viral, (20) __________. Social psychologist Jonathan Haidt says that "outrage is the key to virality," meaning that shocking or emotional posts are shared more often. This leads to misinformation spreading quickly.

MIT researchers found that fake news (21) __________. When misinformation goes viral, corrections often do not reach as many people and are less likely to be believed. Platforms like TikTok have also contributed to this problem, with studies (22) __________, especially in areas like health.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. 

Protecting Our Cultural Heritage

• Cultural heritage is a precious gift handed down from our ancestors. It reflects the identity and (7) _______ of a community, connecting the past with the present and guiding us into the future. However, the effects of urbanization, climate change, and neglect have put many cultural sites (8) _______ risk.

❖ Key Challenges:

Each year, thousands of historic landmarks and artifacts are (9) _______ due to environmental factors or human activities. In addition, a lack of awareness among local communities has hindered efforts to protect these treasures for future generations.

❖ What Can We Do?

Promote cultural tourism while (10) _______ the integrity of heritage sites.

• Support educational programs that highlight the (11) _______ of preserving cultural artifacts.

• Encourage (12) _______ individuals to participate in conservation projects, such as restoring old buildings or cataloging historical documents.

By taking these steps, we can ensure that our cultural heritage survives the test of time and continues to inspire future generations.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

1. A group of teenagers and young adults from the U.S. and the U.K. are among the most common cyber attackers today, according to Charles Carmakal, the CTO of Mandiant Consulting. He shared this information during a media briefing at the RSA Conference. They typically speak English as their first language and are very skilled at tricking people, also known as social engineering.

2. These young hackers were responsible for some of the biggest cyber attacks last year, including breaches at companies like Twilio, Uber, and Okta. The attack on Twilio affected at least 163 other victims, making the damage even worse. Carmakal said, "We've seen very young individuals break into some of the biggest organizations by leveraging these techniques that are so hard to defend against."

3. These attackers use personalized tricks to convince people to visit harmful websites and share sensitive information, like passwords and multi-factor authentication codes. Carmakal explained, "It's all traversing through the cellular network so enterprises aren't able to even monitor this and detect it," making it harder for companies to protect themselves.

4. Groups like Oktapus and Lapsus$ are known for using threats and harassment in their attacks. They target not only companies but also the families of employees. Carmakal shared, "It's a very different story if you're an executive of the company, and your daughter is being harassed by a threat actor." These personal attacks often make it more likely for victims to pay the ransom, as Carmakal said, "Your desire to pay or your willingness to pay shoots up tenfold when you're dealing with personal attacks."

In which paragraph does the author mention differences in approaches to handling attacks on different targets?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

None of the students could join this year competition, ________?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the  correct answer to each of the questions

Bullying, intentional harm-doing or harassment that is directed toward vulnerable targets and typically repeated. Bullying encompasses a wide range of malicious aggressive behaviours, including physical violence, verbal mockery, threats, ostracism, and rumors spread either orally or by other means of communication, such as the Internet.

Bullying in educational settings remains a commonplace everyday experience. In Europe significant attention to school bullying began in the early 1970s, in part because of the efforts of Olweus, as well as a widely publicized trio of victim suicides in Norway in 1983. A spate of school shootings in the late 1990s brought further media attention to the subject of school bullying, and concern was renewed during a later series of bullying-related suicides in Canada and the United States. A US national study published at the turn of the 21st century documented that bullying and other forms of aggression affected approximately 30 percent, or 5.7 million, middle-to-high-school students in the then-current school term.

Although the root causes of bullying remain unclear, its consequences for victims are abundantly apparent. The U.S Secret Service in conjunction with the U.S Department of Education found that bullying was a factor in the majority of “incidents of targeted school violence” in the last two and a half decades of the 20th century. Victimization is also significantly related to suicidal ideation, social isolation, anxiety and depression, low self-esteem, physical health problems, and diminished academic performance and school attachment. Many of these effects can last well into adulthood.

However, victims are not the only ones who suffer from bullying. For many outcomes, bully-victims often fare the worst on a variety of measures, but pure bullies also experience difficulties. They are at increased risk of subsequent mental health problems and are likely to encounter difficulty maintaining positive relationships as adults. More significantly, bullies are considerably more likely to be convicted of crimes and incarcerated as young adults.

Some youth nevertheless use bullying as a way to gain social status among peers. These adolescents may be more strategic in how they choose their targets, and they are also likely to be among the more popular students in school. For at least some of them, bullying and harassment effectively boost their status and influence among schoolmates by winning the admiration of peers or by tearing down social rivals. Generally speaking, however, bullying is more effective at harming victims than aiding aggressors

Which of the following is TRUE about some youth’s purpose of using bullying?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

1. A group of teenagers and young adults from the U.S. and the U.K. are among the most common cyber attackers today, according to Charles Carmakal, the CTO of Mandiant Consulting. He shared this information during a media briefing at the RSA Conference. They typically speak English as their first language and are very skilled at tricking people, also known as social engineering.

2. These young hackers were responsible for some of the biggest cyber attacks last year, including breaches at companies like Twilio, Uber, and Okta. The attack on Twilio affected at least 163 other victims, making the damage even worse. Carmakal said, "We've seen very young individuals break into some of the biggest organizations by leveraging these techniques that are so hard to defend against."

3. These attackers use personalized tricks to convince people to visit harmful websites and share sensitive information, like passwords and multi-factor authentication codes. Carmakal explained, "It's all traversing through the cellular network so enterprises aren't able to even monitor this and detect it," making it harder for companies to protect themselves.

4. Groups like Oktapus and Lapsus$ are known for using threats and harassment in their attacks. They target not only companies but also the families of employees. Carmakal shared, "It's a very different story if you're an executive of the company, and your daughter is being harassed by a threat actor." These personal attacks often make it more likely for victims to pay the ransom, as Carmakal said, "Your desire to pay or your willingness to pay shoots up tenfold when you're dealing with personal attacks."

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a hacker attack victim?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Protecting the Tràng An Cultural Heritage Complex

Tràng An is one of Vietnam’s most famous (1) ______, recognized by UNESCO for its stunning landscapes and historical significance. However, preserving this treasure requires collective effort.

To enhance visitor experiences, tours are arranged (2) ______ designated routes, reducing human impact on fragile ecosystems. It’s likely that the site will suffer serious damage if conservation efforts are not strengthened.

Local authorities appreciate people (3) ______ in cleanup campaigns and awareness programs. Tour guides and conservation workers (4) ______ turns to monitor the area, ensuring its protection.

Unfortunately, some visitors harm the environment. Experts blame the damage (5) ______ mass tourism, which causes littering, erosion, and pollution. Sustainable tourism practices, such as limiting visitor numbers and enforcing strict regulations, are essential.

To protect Tràng An, we must act (6) ______ . Respect the rules, avoid littering, and support eco-friendly tourism. By doing so, we help preserve this breathtaking heritage for future generations.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. Natural hazards cause significant harm to both people and cultural heritage. They damage tangible heritage, such as buildings and infrastructure, as well as intangible heritage, like traditions, social values, and emotional connections to places. World Heritage sites, which protect both cultural and natural heritage, are also at risk. Disasters disrupt cultural systems, making communities more susceptible during and after these events.

2. [I] Culture plays an important role in how people view risks and respond to hazards. [II] From there, culture also influences people's risk indirectly because it impacts their livelihood choices, settlement location, social networks and availability for preparedness activities, including disaster risk reduction education. [III] These aspects affect how vulnerable a community is to natural hazards. [IV]

3. An increasing number of natural hazards are damaging heritage sites and disrupting cultural practices. This weakens the resilience of communities, particularly those that rely on heritage for local resources and sustainable development. Despite these threats, cultural and natural heritage can also strengthen communities by helping them adapt to risks and reduce their exposure to hazards, including climate change.

4. UNESCO protects cultural and natural heritage and uses it as a platform for disaster risk reduction. These efforts aim to build community resilience and ensure that no one is left behind.

5. World Heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves, and UNESCO Global Geoparks are essential for sustainable development. These sites protect natural and cultural heritage while promoting biodiversity and resource conservation. However, they face risks from natural hazards and extreme weather, which can affect nearby communities and resonate globally. At the same time, these sites educate people about disaster risks and solutions, offering opportunities to build safer, more resilient futures.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of intangible heritage?