Read the following advertisement and choose the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

 

Discover the Charm of Hanoi's Old Quarter!

Step back in time and explore the vibrant, (10) __________ streets of Hanoi's Old Quarter. Our exclusive guided tour will take you through hidden alleys, bustling markets, and centuries-old architecture so you can (11) __________ the true heart of Vietnam's capital.

Tour Highlights:

✔ Explore 36 Ancient Streets: Learn the stories behind each street and its traditional craft.

✔ Taste Authentic Street Food: Enjoy delicious pho, bun cha, and other local favorites at famous food stalls.

✔ Cycle Rickshaw Ride: Enjoy (12) __________ peaceful rickshaw ride through the Old Quarter's most iconic spots.

Contact us: +84 123 45 678

Book now and dive into the soul of Hanoi!

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

TO LIVE SUSTAINABLY, START AT HOME!

Let’s discover how we can contribute to a more sustainable lifestyle in our everyday activities.

Facts and figures: In the past decade, (7) _______ people have begun to recognize the importance of sustainability. Yet, we still (8) _______ millions of tons of food waste each year. This not only affects our environment but also contributes to food scarcity.

Positive action!

Use less plastic! Whenever possible, opt for (9) _______ alternatives to plastic products. This small change can make a big difference.

Shop smart! (10) _______ buying unnecessary items, focus on what you really need. This will help decrease waste and save money.

Make the most of resources! Learn to (11) _______ things you might usually throw away. For instance, vegetable scraps can be used for broth.

Involve your community! Encourage (12) _______ to participate in local clean-up events to foster a collective effort for a cleaner environment.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17

a. However, human activities, such as pollution and deforestation, are causing significant harm to the environment.

b. The Earth provides us with the resources we need to survive, such as clean water, air, and food.

c. It is crucial to take action now to reduce our impact and ensure a healthier planet for future generations.

d. Protecting the environment involves reducing waste, conserving natural resources, and promoting sustainable practices.

e. In conclusion, protecting the environment is not only our responsibility but also essential for the well-being of all living creatures.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

To Save the Planet, Begin at Home!

Let's look at what we can do at home each day to save the planet.

Facts and figures:

-  Farming with synthetic chemicals has killed insects and (7) __________ animals. Meanwhile, we (8) __________ 80 million cans each day and 45,000 tonnes of plastic packaging each year. These kill up to one million seabirds a year.

Positive action!

-  Buy and consume fresh, organic food and drinks, especially things produced locally. This reduces the need for long-distance food (9) __________.

-  Don't always buy food that comes in cans or plastic packaging. (10) __________ buying a pre-packaged sandwich, make your own! That helps reduce the (11) __________ of rubbish you produce.

-  Reuse packaging where possible. Separate paper, plastic, and metal (12) __________ and recycle them.

(Adapted from Move on)

Question 8: Meanwhile, we (8) __________ 80 million cans each day and 45,000 tonnes of plastic packaging each year.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

In an era of increasing global awareness, debates around sustainable practices such as fair trade, organic farming, and recycling are gaining prominence. Farmers in developing countries are among the most vulnerable people, dependent on world commodity markets, middlemen, and unpredictable weather. 

(I)Fair trade arrangements aim to support cooperative groups by guaranteeing prices above the world market rate and additional bonuses. (II) However, critics argue that fair trade may not lift a country out of poverty. (III)They claim that most of the money generated from sales goes to wealthy countries that promote these products. (IV)In fact, only about 5% of the sale price of a fair-trade chocolate bar (retailing for £1.73 in the UK) reaches the poor country.

Another significant trend is the rise of organic food, marketed as being free of chemicals, which appeals to consumers concerned about the dangers of chemicals in food. These chemicals are suspected of causing various health problems, including cancer and developmental issues in children. Despite these concerns, British farmers have not converted to organic farming in large enough numbers to meet the demand. As a result, supermarkets often import organic vegetables from distant countries, contributing to higher greenhouse gas emissions due to transportation. Environmentalists are now urging consumers to buy locally grown vegetables, even if they are pesticide-treated, suggesting a good wash can minimize the risk.

In recent years, a shift has occurred in how we handle waste. Once content to bury it in landfills or dump it at sea, we are now encouraged to recycle and treat waste as a resource. This shift has led to more widespread kerbside collections for various materials like paper, plastic, and metal. However, recycling has unintended consequences. Most of the UK's recyclables are sent to China or India, which incurs additional environmental costs from transportation. In these countries, workers often sort waste under dangerous conditions. Sometimes, materials that are sorted at home still end up in landfills because the market for them fluctuates.

While efforts to promote sustainability are commendable, they require constant evaluation to ensure they truly benefit people and the environment, rather than creating new inequalities or environmental harm.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence?

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

         The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns (18) __________. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. (19) __________, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times.

For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

         Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems (20) __________. Furthermore, the integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging stations through mobile apps.

         As charging infrastructure continues to expand, (21) __________, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, (22) __________ and sustainable transportation.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

To Save the Planet, Begin at Home!

Let's look at what we can do at home each day to save the planet.

Facts and figures:

-  Farming with synthetic chemicals has killed insects and (7) __________ animals. Meanwhile, we (8) __________ 80 million cans each day and 45,000 tonnes of plastic packaging each year. These kill up to one million seabirds a year.

Positive action!

-  Buy and consume fresh, organic food and drinks, especially things produced locally. This reduces the need for long-distance food (9) __________.

-  Don't always buy food that comes in cans or plastic packaging. (10) __________ buying a pre-packaged sandwich, make your own! That helps reduce the (11) __________ of rubbish you produce.

-  Reuse packaging where possible. Separate paper, plastic, and metal (12) __________ and recycle them.

(Adapted from Move on)

Question 11: That helps reduce the (11) __________ of rubbish you produce.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

In an era of increasing global awareness, debates around sustainable practices such as fair trade, organic farming, and recycling are gaining prominence. Farmers in developing countries are among the most vulnerable people, dependent on world commodity markets, middlemen, and unpredictable weather. 

(I)Fair trade arrangements aim to support cooperative groups by guaranteeing prices above the world market rate and additional bonuses. (II) However, critics argue that fair trade may not lift a country out of poverty. (III)They claim that most of the money generated from sales goes to wealthy countries that promote these products. (IV)In fact, only about 5% of the sale price of a fair-trade chocolate bar (retailing for £1.73 in the UK) reaches the poor country.

Another significant trend is the rise of organic food, marketed as being free of chemicals, which appeals to consumers concerned about the dangers of chemicals in food. These chemicals are suspected of causing various health problems, including cancer and developmental issues in children. Despite these concerns, British farmers have not converted to organic farming in large enough numbers to meet the demand. As a result, supermarkets often import organic vegetables from distant countries, contributing to higher greenhouse gas emissions due to transportation. Environmentalists are now urging consumers to buy locally grown vegetables, even if they are pesticide-treated, suggesting a good wash can minimize the risk.

In recent years, a shift has occurred in how we handle waste. Once content to bury it in landfills or dump it at sea, we are now encouraged to recycle and treat waste as a resource. This shift has led to more widespread kerbside collections for various materials like paper, plastic, and metal. However, recycling has unintended consequences. Most of the UK's recyclables are sent to China or India, which incurs additional environmental costs from transportation. In these countries, workers often sort waste under dangerous conditions. Sometimes, materials that are sorted at home still end up in landfills because the market for them fluctuates.

While efforts to promote sustainability are commendable, they require constant evaluation to ensure they truly benefit people and the environment, rather than creating new inequalities or environmental harm.

The phrase "gaining prominence" could be best replaced by:

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

VOLUNTEERS FOR GREEN CAMPAIGN

Our club would like to recruit ___(7)___ for our Green Campaign.

Are you ___(8)___ 15 years old? And do you really wish ___(9)___ a difference?

Please volunteer for our Green Lifestyle initiative, ___(10)___ clean up our communities and nurture disadvantaged children.

Make an impact, one action at a time!

Embrace a fulfilling experience that not only cares for the environment but also ___(11)___ the lives of those in need.

Together, let's create a sustainable future and spread kindness.

___(12)___ interested in our campaign, please sign up!

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. 

An engine is a machine that creates mechanical motion from energy. In order to do this, an engine frequently requires some type of fuel to burn. Nowadays, many engines are used to power cars and other forms of transportation. These vehicles most commonly have an internal combustion engine and rely upon gasoline for power. However, there are several types of engines that can use alternative energy sources. Many people are trying to switch to them because gasoline, which is a fossil fuel, creates pollution and is also a non-renewable resource.

These days, engines that are able to burn biofuels are somewhat common. Biofuels are fuels that are made from biological material, such as corn, soybeans, and sugarcane. These biofuels burn cleanly, so they produce much less pollution than fossil fuels. In some countries, such as Brazil, cars with biofuel engines are standard. In fact, most of the cars in Brazil have engines that can operate on either gasoline or biofuel.

A second type of alternative engine is the electric engine. Cars with electric engines have been common for decades. Most are being used in hybrid cars at the moment. These are vehicles that have both a gasoline-powered engine and an electric one. In many cases, the gasoline-powered engine is used to operate the car at high speeds on expressways. The electric engine is utilised for city driving. One benefit of hybrid cars is that as the gasoline-powered engine runs, it simultaneously recharges the electric engine.

A third type of alternative engine is the hydrogen engine. It utilises hydrogen fuel cells, which convert hydrogen into electricity that can power the car These days, there are many cars and buses that rely upon hydrogen engines. However, there are some problems associated with this type of engine. The hydrogen used in the engine must be processed from other materials, and it is also difficult to store. As a result, vehicles that run on hydrogen are expensive.

Alternative energy sources create less pollution and are often renewable sources of energy. It is hoped that more and more innovations help the use of alternative energy sources become easier and easier.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 5?

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. 

JOIN OUR GREEN SUNDAY EVENT!

The School Media Club is excited to invite all students to participate in Green Sunday, an event dedicated to promoting environmental awareness and action. This special day will take place on Sunday, December 8, from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM, at the schoolyard and surrounding community areas.

The event is open to all students, (7)______ you are eager to make a difference for the environment. We welcome (8)______ from all grade levels to join us in this meaningful activity.

During the event, students will (9)______various tasks such as planting trees, cleaning up public spaces, and spreading environmental messages. The activities are designed to suit (10)______level of experience, so don’t worry if it’s your first time volunteering!

Green Sunday is also a wonderful opportunity to foster (11)______among students from different classes. Let’s work closely with each (12)______to create a greener and cleaner community for everyone.

Sign up at the Media Club office before December 6. Let’s make this event a success together! 

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

            In an era marked by climate change and environmental degradation, adopting green living habits has become increasingly vital. Green living refers to a lifestyle that seeks to minimize one's ecological footprint through conscious choices in daily activities. This can include everything from reducing waste to conserving energy and using sustainable products. As more individuals recognize the importance of preserving our planet, the movement toward greener practices continues to gain momentum.

            One of the most significant aspects of green living is its focus on sustainability. By choosing products that are eco-friendly, consumers can support businesses that prioritize environmental responsibility. For instance, using reusable bags, bottles, and containers reduces plastic waste and promotes a circular economy. Furthermore, opting for locally sourced foods not only supports local farmers but also decreases the carbon emissions associated with transportation.

            When green living habits are adopted, they can lead to profound changes in our environment. By reducing their energy consumption through the use of energy-efficient appliances, individuals help lower greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, this contributes to cleaner air and mitigates the effects of climate change. Moreover, by practicing water conservation methods, such as fixing leaks and using low-flow fixtures, households can significantly decrease water waste, promoting the sustainable use of this precious resource.

            In conclusion, educating individuals about green living habits is crucial for promoting a more sustainable future. Schools and community organizations can offer workshops and resources that highlight the benefits of eco-friendly practices. Additionally, social media campaigns can raise awareness and encourage people to share their experiences with sustainable living. By empowering individuals to make informed choices, we can collectively work toward a healthier planet for generations to come.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

Read the following passage and choose the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Urbanisation, which involves the movement of people from rural to urban areas, (16) __________. This has been happening quickly in recent years because people are looking for better jobs, healthcare, and education. Urbanisation has many benefits. Cities often have more job opportunities, which can help people earn more money. They also usually have better transportation, sanitation, and public services, (17) __________ for residents.

However, there are also challenges. Rapid growth can lead to overcrowding, which makes it hard to find enough housing and puts pressure on public services. (18) __________ in some areas. Additionally, more people in cities can lead to more pollution and use up natural resources more quickly. Urban areas might also struggle with traffic congestion, higher crime rates, and (19) __________.

In summary, while urbanisation can bring economic growth and better living conditions, (20) __________ to avoid problems like overcrowding and pollution. Sustainable development, which considers (21) __________, is key to making sure cities grow in a way that benefits everyone.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Urban farming, or the practice of growing food within city limits, has gained popularity worldwide. As cities expand and populations grow, there is increasing pressure on food supplies, making urban farming an appealing solution. From rooftop gardens to community plots, urban farms can help produce fresh, local food in areas that are typically food deserts. Additionally, they provide green spaces in densely populated areas, contributing to environmental sustainability.

Urban farming also has social benefits. It encourages community engagement and provides educational opportunities for residents. People can learn about sustainable agriculture, food production, and environmental conservation. Furthermore, urban farms can offer job opportunities, particularly in underprivileged neighborhoods, where employment options are often limited. By creating jobs and encouraging healthy eating, urban farms positively impact the health and well-being of local communities.

However, urban farming is not without its challenges. One significant issue is space; cities are crowded, and land is scarce. Finding suitable plots for farming can be difficult and expensive. There are also regulatory hurdles, as some cities have strict zoning laws that limit agricultural activities. Additionally, urban soil can be contaminated with pollutants, making it unsuitable for food production. Despite these obstacles, innovative solutions, such as hydroponics and vertical farming, are making urban farming more feasible.

In the future, urban farming could play a vital role in food security. As climate change and urbanization continue, local food sources will become increasingly important. By reducing dependency on long supply chains, urban farming can ensure that cities remain resilient in the face of global challenges.

The word "They" in paragraph 1 refers to _______.

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Join Our Eco-Friendly Community

If you want to make a difference, join (7)_______community members dedicated to sustainability. Together, we can (8)_______ positive change in our environment. Our community focuses on the importance of (9)_______to reduce waste. Join us in our fight against climate change (10)_______ contribute to a healthier planet.

Participate in our (11)__________that teach sustainable living practices. Our mission is to educate members about the (12)_________of green energy solutions.

Join us today and be part of a movement that matters!

Read the following passage about smart energy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

SMART ENERGY

The upcoming decades will bring significant changes in energy supply and consumption. As some major oil-producing countries have already reached 'peak oil' and concerns about global warming rise, many nations are prioritizing the transition to a low-carbon economy, which will transform electricity supply and usage. [I] Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. [II] Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is growing electricity generation from renewable sources. [III] To meet these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology. [IV] This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient power network.

Smart meters can be integrated with the internet or telephone networks. This connectivity enables customers to control their appliances from a distance. For instance, individuals can turn devices on or off remotely, providing added convenience. Overall, the system offers significant benefits in managing energy usage. By analyzing real-time data, it allows for better decision-making. This technology not only improves efficiency but also supports cost savings. Ultimately, the integration of smart technology will enhance user experience and system management.

The coming decades will bring significant shifts in energy supply and usage. A problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction costs.

Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is here where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilising a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing fast.

The word this in paragraph 2 refers to _____.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. First, we suggest that the school should provide more recycling bins.

b. Third, we recommend that we make use of plastic waste in arts and crafts projects, for example, for making plant pots or bird feeders.

c. Reusing and recycling single-use plastics will lead to a greener school environment and help promote a green lifestyle among young people. Therefore, we recommend you put the suggested solutions into practice as soon as possible.

d. To solve the problem of single-use plastics in our school, we propose the following solutions.

e. Second, the Youth Union should hold regular sessions to teach students how to recycle properly.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. 

JOIN OUR GREEN SUNDAY EVENT!

The School Media Club is excited to invite all students to participate in Green Sunday, an event dedicated to promoting environmental awareness and action. This special day will take place on Sunday, December 8, from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM, at the schoolyard and surrounding community areas.

The event is open to all students, (7)______ you are eager to make a difference for the environment. We welcome (8)______ from all grade levels to join us in this meaningful activity.

During the event, students will (9)______various tasks such as planting trees, cleaning up public spaces, and spreading environmental messages. The activities are designed to suit (10)______level of experience, so don’t worry if it’s your first time volunteering!

Green Sunday is also a wonderful opportunity to foster (11)______among students from different classes. Let’s work closely with each (12)______to create a greener and cleaner community for everyone.

Sign up at the Media Club office before December 6. Let’s make this event a success together! 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Sustainable development has become a priority worldwide, as nations work to balance economic growth with environmental preservation. [I] Sustainable practices are critical to ensure that natural resources are conserved for future generations, while also meeting today’s economic needs. [II] Many countries have invested in green technologies to reduce carbon emissions and slow climate change.

[III] However, achieving sustainability involves more than just technology; it requires a collective shift in mindset towards reducing waste, reusing materials, and protecting biodiversity. [IV] According to the United Nations, sustainable development must incorporate social equity, economic progress, and environmental stewardship to be effective.

A key factor driving sustainability efforts is the awareness of limited resources. The earth’s resources, such as freshwater, fossil fuels, and fertile land, are finite, and overuse can lead to scarcity. In recent years, many nations have implemented regulations to control the extraction and consumption of resources, aiming to curb excessive demand and reduce environmental impact. For example, many cities have introduced restrictions on single-use plastics and have promoted recycling programs as a means to encourage responsible waste management.

While developing countries may prioritize industrial growth to boost economic development, developed nations often focus on reducing their carbon footprint and promoting eco-friendly policies. This disparity can lead to challenges in international relations, as countries negotiate agreements on emissions and resource use. Organizations like the United Nations work to bridge these gaps through global frameworks that encourage cooperation, but disparities in priorities and resources can hinder progress.

Increasing public awareness about environmental sustainability has been another critical component of these efforts. Through education and media campaigns, individuals are encouraged to adopt environmentally conscious practices, such as reducing energy consumption, using public transport, and supporting local economies. By making small adjustments in daily life, individuals contribute to broader global sustainability goals, ultimately promoting a healthier planet for future generations.

Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Sustainable development has become a priority worldwide, as nations work to balance economic growth with environmental preservation. [I] Sustainable practices are critical to ensure that natural resources are conserved for future generations, while also meeting today’s economic needs. [II] Many countries have invested in green technologies to reduce carbon emissions and slow climate change.

[III] However, achieving sustainability involves more than just technology; it requires a collective shift in mindset towards reducing waste, reusing materials, and protecting biodiversity. [IV] According to the United Nations, sustainable development must incorporate social equity, economic progress, and environmental stewardship to be effective.

A key factor driving sustainability efforts is the awareness of limited resources. The earth’s resources, such as freshwater, fossil fuels, and fertile land, are finite, and overuse can lead to scarcity. In recent years, many nations have implemented regulations to control the extraction and consumption of resources, aiming to curb excessive demand and reduce environmental impact. For example, many cities have introduced restrictions on single-use plastics and have promoted recycling programs as a means to encourage responsible waste management.

While developing countries may prioritize industrial growth to boost economic development, developed nations often focus on reducing their carbon footprint and promoting eco-friendly policies. This disparity can lead to challenges in international relations, as countries negotiate agreements on emissions and resource use. Organizations like the United Nations work to bridge these gaps through global frameworks that encourage cooperation, but disparities in priorities and resources can hinder progress.

Increasing public awareness about environmental sustainability has been another critical component of these efforts. Through education and media campaigns, individuals are encouraged to adopt environmentally conscious practices, such as reducing energy consumption, using public transport, and supporting local economies. By making small adjustments in daily life, individuals contribute to broader global sustainability goals, ultimately promoting a healthier planet for future generations.

Which of the following can be inferred from the above passage?