Ở các tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc, khi trồng lúa giống HD11, mật độ cấy 40 khóm/m² sẽ cho năng suất tốt nhất. Biện pháp này được ứng dụng dựa trên cơ sở nào sau đây?

(Nguồn: Viện Cây lương thực và cây thực phẩm, https://fcri.com.vn/ sanpham/giong-lua-hd11/)

Read the following passage about the e-waste crisis and mark the letters A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

     [I] Electronic waste, commonly known as e-waste, refers to discarded electronic devices like smartphones, computers, and household appliances. [II] As technology rapidly advances, many of these devices become outdated quickly, leading to an increase in e-waste globally. [III] Experts estimate that millions of tons of e-waste are generated annually, and the numbers continue to rise as people upgrade their gadgets more frequently. [IV]

     The improper disposal of e-waste presents significant environmental and health risks. When e-waste is dumped in landfills, it often releases harmful chemicals, such as lead and mercury into the soil and water, which can wreak havoc on ecosystems and pose serious health risks to nearby communities. Moreover, a large portion of e-waste is transported to developing countries, where regulations on electronic disposal may be less strict. Here, workers, often without adequate protection, dismantle electronic devices by hand to retrieve valuable metals like gold and copper, exposing themselves to toxic substances.

     To address this growing problem, many countries and organizations are promoting e-waste recycling programs. These initiatives encourage consumers to recycle old electronics responsibly, rather than discarding them. By doing so, valuable materials can be reused, reducing the demand for mining new resources and helping to minimize environmental damage. Additionally, some companies are adopting sustainable design strategies, producing products that are easier to repair or upgrade, thereby extending their lifespan.

     Public awareness about the impacts of e-waste is gradually increasing, and more people are becoming motivated to make eco-friendly choices. However, achieving global cooperation remains challenging, as effective solutions require collaboration across borders.

 (Adapted from The Guardian)

Healthy mind, healthy body

“A healthy mind lives in a healthy body” is a saying (1) ______ to have often been used by the ancient Greeks. Thousands of years later, the same idea still applies. According to health experts, it’s advisable (2) ______ eight to ten glasses of water every day. However, water itself is not enough; a balanced diet is essential, too. A healthy body naturally is the result of doing exercise. Many people, however, do not like gyms and object to going there for different reasons. Some, for instance, say that aerobic sessions are too difficult to follow while others say that gyms are just too expensive. Many people also say that they have (3) ______ in finding time to exercise due to their busy lifestyle, but the truth is that everyone can make a little time every now and then. Regardless of the way people choose to exercise, it is important to remember that there’s no point (4) ______ doing it only for a short period of time. Last but not least, (5) ______ a positive attitude and doing away with negative thoughts contribute to one’s good health. In short, following (6) ______ surely helps in having a healthy mind and body.