Hình vẽ dưới là đồ thị biểu diễn sự phụ thuộc của li độ x vào thời gian t của một vật dao động điều hòa. Biên độ dao động của vật là:

Một chất điểm dao động điều hòa. Khi vật chuyển động từ vị trí biên về vị trí cân bằng thì

a. This trend often forces governments and communities to allocate greater resources to improve road safety and emergency response systems.

b. Authorities often respond by implementing stricter traffic laws, enhancing road condi-tions, and promoting public awareness campaigns to mitigate risks.

c. However, despite these efforts, the persistence of high accident rates continues to pose challenges to public safety and infrastructure planning.

d. As urbanization increases and more vehicles populate the roads, the likelihood of accidents rises significantly.

e. Traffic accident rates refer to the frequency of road incidents that result in injuries, fatalities, or property damage.

Trong mỗi ý a), b), c), d) ở mỗi câu, thí sinh chọn đúng hoặc sai.

Trong các mệnh đề tương đương sau, mệnh đề nào sai?

Hạt nào sau đây nằm ở lớp vỏ nguyên tử

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The World’s First GPS

    On a stormy night in 1707, four ships struck rocks off the south coast of England and sank. One thousand, four hundred sailors were drowned. The ships had crashed because they had no way of knowing how far they had travelled in a particular direction; they could not calculate their longitude, which required accurate time measurement. (18) ______. In such difficult circumstances, they believed that the best response to the disaster was a competition: the Longitude Prize.

    The Longitude Prize was no ordinary competition. (19) ______. Geniuses such as Sir Isaac Newton had failed to find a solution, so to ensure the interest of Britain’s greatest scientific minds, the government offered a prize of £20,000 - the equivalent of £2.6 million in today’s money. But to everyone’s surprise, it wasn’t a famous academic who solved the problem, but an unknown carpenter. When John Harrison wasn’t working with wood, (20) ______. An accurate clock would allow sailors to calculate their position, but at the time it was thought impossible to create a mechanical clock (21) ______. The movement of the sea and the changes in temperature destroyed the delicate parts. However, after three frustrated attempts, Harrison’s fourth sea clock, H4, finally triumphed. Its mechanics were so good that the H14 worked better than most clocks on land.

    The Longitude Prize and Harrison’s success (22) ______. However, in 2013, the British government created a new Longitude Prize, offering £10 million to the person who could solve a great challenge to humanity.

(Adapted from Friends Global)