Em hãy cho biết những nhận định sau đây là không đúng khi bàn về chức năng của giá cả thị trường? 

Cho biết phần mềm nguồn mở là gì?

Nghệ thuật kháng chiến đặc sắc của nhà Trần là gì?

Ở nước ta, quyền lực của nhà nước thuộc về ai?

Trong thí nghiệm vẽ ở Hình 34.2, ban đầu cân thăng bằng. Sau đó nhúng đồng thời cả hai vật chìm trong nước ở hai bình khác nhau. Phương án nào sau đây là đúng?

Chọn đáp án không đúng: Khi làm việc với chất phóng xạ chúng ta cần

Từ năm 1960 đến năm 1973, kinh tế Nhật Bản có biểu hiện nào sau đây? 

"Hoạt động phân chia các yếu tố sản xuất (vốn, lao động, nguyên vật liệu,...) cho các ngành sản xuất, các đơn vị sản xuất khác nhau để tạo ra sản phẩm (phân phối cho sản xuất) và phân chia kết quả sản xuất cho tiêu dùng". Đây được gọi là hoạt động kinh tế nào sau đây?

Khi thiết kế sản phẩm cho con người, có mấy yếu tố chính cần được quan tâm?

Read the following passage about studying abroad and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Successful students often do the followings while studying. First, they have an overview before reading. Next, they look for important information and pay greater attention to it (which often needs jumping forward or backward to process information). They also relate important points to one another. Also, they activate and use their prior knowledge. When they realize that their understanding is not good, they do not wait to change strategies. Last, they can monitor understanding and take action to correct or “fix up” mistakes in comprehension.

Conversely, students with low academic achievement often demonstrate ineffective study skills. [I] They tend to assume a passive role in learning and rely on others (e.g., teachers, parents) to monitor their studying. [II] For example, low-achieving students often do not monitor their understanding of content; they may not be aware of the purpose of studying; and they show little evidence of looking back or employing “fix-up” strategies to fix understanding problems. [III] Students who struggle with learning new information seem to be unaware that they must extend effort beyond simply reading the content to understand and remember it. [IV] 

Children with learning disabilities do not plan and judge the quality of their studying. Their studying may be disorganized. Students with learning problems face challenges with personal organization as well. They often have difficulty keeping track of materials and assignments, following directions, and completing work on time. Unlike good studiers who employ a variety of study skills in a flexible yet purposeful manner, low-achieving students use a restricted range of study skills. They cannot explain why good study strategies are important for learning; and they tend to use the same, often ineffective study approach for all learning tasks, ignoring task content, structure or difficulty.

Which word below is opposite in meaning to “ineffective”?

Trong hợp chất H₂S, số oxi hóa của sulfur (lưu huỳnh) là

Read the following passage about How Failures Led to Breakthroughs and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Many important discoveries happened because of mistakes and unexpected accidents. Alexander Fleming found penicillin when he left his laboratory messy before going on holiday. After vacation, he saw mold growing on his experiment plate. Fleming noticed this mold killed bacteria around it very effectively. This fortunate accident later saved millions of lives around the world. Scientists call finding valuable things by chance "serendipity," which happens often in research.

The Post-it Note began as a mistake that seemed useless at first. In 1968, Spencer Silver tried making a strong glue for 3M company but created a weak one instead that didn't stick permanently. Nobody knew what to do with this disappointing result for several years. Then his colleague Arthur Fry realized this "failure" could make perfect bookmarks that wouldn't damage pages when removed. This weak adhesive eventually became one of the most popular office products worldwide, changing how people work.

In cooking, many favorite foods came from kitchen errors and quick substitutions. Ruth Wakefield invented chocolate chip cookies when she ran out of baker's chocolate and used broken pieces of semi-sweet chocolate instead. She thought they would melt completely in the dough, but they kept their shape during baking. Potato chips were created when chef George Crum made extremely thin potatoes to annoy a customer who repeatedly complained about thick fries. Surprisingly, the customer loved them and ordered more!

These fascinating stories teach us that mistakes can lead to new opportunities and unexpected innovations. Thomas Edison said about his many failed light bulb attempts, "I haven't failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that don't work." This positive attitude shows we should see errors as valuable learning chances. Smart people don't fear making mistakes in their work; they fear missing opportunities to learn from them and discover something amazing.

The word “fortunate” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. 

How long will a baby born today live? 100 years? 120 years? Scientists are studying genes that could mean long life for us all.

There are already many, many people who have passed the landmark age of 100. In fact, there are now so many healthy, elderly people that there’s a name for them: the wellderly. These are people over the age of eighty who have no major illnesses, such as high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes.

There are many scientific studies of communities where healthy old age is typical. These include places like Calabria in southern Italy and the island of Okinawa in Japan. In Calabria, the small village of Molochio has about 2,000 inhabitants. And of these, there are at least eight people over a hundred years old. When researchers ask people like this the secret of their long life, the answer is almost always about food and is almost always the same: ‘I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables.’ ‘I eat a little bit of everything.’ ‘I neither smoke nor drink.’

In the past, scientists looked at things such as diet and lifestyle for an explanation of long life, but these days they are also looking at genetics. Researcher Eric Topol says that there must be genes that explain why people are protected from the effects of aging process. The new research into long life did scrutinize groups of people who have a genetic connection. One interesting group lives in Ecuador. In one area of the country there are a number of people with the same genetic condition. It’s called Laron syndrome. These people don’t grow very tall – just over one metre. But Laron syndrome also give them protection against cancer and diabetes. As a result, they live longer than other people in their families. Meanwhile, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, there’s another group of long-lived men, Japanese-Americans. They have a similar gene to the Laron syndrome group.

Back in Calabria, researchers constructed the family trees of the 100-year-old people. They looked at family information from the 19th century to today. It is concluded that there are genetic factors that give health benefits to the men. This is a surprising result because generally in Europe, women live longer than men. So what really makes people live longer? It seems likely that it is an interaction of genes, the environment and probably a third factor – luck.

The word “scrutinize” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.

Một xưởng cơ khí có hai công nhân là Chiến và Bình. Xưởng sản xuất loại sản phẩm \(I\) và \(II\). Mỗi sản phẩm \(I\) bán lãi \(500\) nghìn đồng, mỗi sản phẩm \(II\) bán lãi \(400\) nghìn đồng. Để sản xuất được một sản phẩm \(I\) thì Chiến phải làm việc trong \(3\) giờ, Bình phải làm việc trong \(1\) giờ. Để sản xuất được một sản phẩm \(II\) thì Chiến phải làm việc trong \(2\) giờ, Bình phải làm việc trong \(6\) giờ. Một người không thể làm được đồng thời hai sản phẩm. Biết rằng trong một tháng Chiến không thể làm việc quá \(180\) giờ và Bình không thể làm việc quá \(220\) giờ. Số tiền lãi lớn nhất trong một tháng của xưởng là bao nhiêu triệu đồng?

Tăng trưởng kinh tế là sự gia tăng của GDP hoặc GNP hoặc thu nhập bình quân đầu người trong một thời gian nhất định. Tăng trưởng kinh tế thể hiện sự thay đổi về lượng của nền kinh tế. Tuy vậy, ở một số quốc gia, mức độ bất bình đẳng kinh tế tương đối cao nên mặc dù thu nhập bình quân đầu người cao nhưng nhiều người dân vẫn sống trong tình trạng nghèo khổ. Phát triển kinh tế mang nội hàm rộng hơn tăng trưởng kinh tế. Phát triển kinh tế bao gồm tăng trưởng kinh tế cùng với những thay đổi về chất của nền kinh tế như phúc lợi xã hội, tuổi thọ… và những thay đổi về cơ cấu kinh tế như giảm tỉ trọng của khu vực sơ khai, tăng tỉ trọng của khu vực chế tạo và dịch vụ.

Tại sao ở một số quốc gia, mặc dù thu nhập bình quân đầu người cao nhưng nhiều người dân vẫn sống trong tình trạng khó khăn?

Read the passage carefully

1. No matter who we are or where we are from, we only have 24 hours each day to get things done. Some people seem to make the most of their time, using it to achieve their goals and dreams. Others feel that life is passing them by and they aren’t accomplishing anything. If you are in the latter group, it is not too late to turn things around. By implementing a few simple hacks, you can start getting better results very quickly.

2. If you want to become more productive, it pays to learn about the Pareto principle (which is also known as the 80-20 rule). It states that for most tasks, 80 percent of the results we get come from 20 percent of the work we do. For example. 80 percent of the company sales usually come from 20 percent of customers. Therefore, the trick is to focus your efforts on the key 20 percent of actions that truly matter to greatly improve your results.

3. In some cases, people may be busy from morning to night but still seem to get nothing done. In this situation, the problem might be that clear goals haven’t been set. To fix this, set some time aside to list the things you want to achieve in life. Then, select the top three or four that you want to focus on for the next year. Look at your goals every night before bedtime and ask yourself what are the next actions to accomplish each day. Then, promise yourself that you will finish these tasks no matter how busy you get. If possible try completing the tasks first thing in the morning so you are assured of success.

4. Another common mistake regarding productivity is not considering our energy levels. If we try to work around the clock, we will eventually get tired and quit. Everyone needs time to sleep, eat, socialize with friends, and unwind from the stress of the day. To make sure you don’t burn out, be sure to schedule some time for breaks and fun activities into your schedule every day. Finally, no matter how difficult your goals may seem, remember the old saying that “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.

What is the word “accomplishing” in the first paragraph closest in meaning to?

Read the following passage about the Second Acts That Inspire and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Life often presents us with unexpected challenges that force us back to the drawing board. Whether due to personal setbacks, career changes, or unforeseen circumstances, the courage to begin again can lead to remarkable transformations. Many inspiring individuals have shown that it's never too late to reinvent oneself and pursue new dreams. Throughout history, countless people have overcome seemingly impossible situations through sheer determination.

[I] Take J.K. Rowling, for instance. Before becoming a literary sensation, she was a struggling single mother living on welfare. [II] Her determination eventually paid off when her books became a global phenomenon, proving that setbacks can become stepping stones to success. [III] This remarkable turnaround demonstrates how resilience and unwavering belief in oneself can overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Despite facing depression and financial hardship, she never gave up on her dreams. [IV]

Colonel Harland Sanders' story is another testament to the power of starting anew. At the age of 65, when most people contemplate retirement, he found himself struggling financially after his restaurant failed. Instead of giving up, he traveled across America, sleeping in his car while pitching his chicken recipe to restaurant owners. His recipe for success wasn't just about the perfect blend of herbs and spices; it was about persistence and determination. After facing over 1,000 rejections, he finally established Kentucky Fried Chicken, which grew into a global empire. His unwavering spirit and dedication inspired generations of entrepreneurs worldwide.

These inspiring stories remind us that failure is not final, but rather a chance to redirect our path. Every setback carries the seed of an equal or greater opportunity, and sometimes the end of one chapter is simply the beginning of a better one. The key lies in having the courage to take that first step, even when the future seems uncertain. As these remarkable individuals have shown, it's never too late to rewrite your story and create a powerful second act. Their journeys teach us that persistence and courage ultimately lead to success.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Hoạt động nào dưới đây là hoạt động tiêu dùng?

You’ve noticed that whenever the heater in your house is turned on, the lights in the living room flicker. What is the likely cause?

Đọc đoạn thơ sau và trả lời câu hỏi:

Mùa thu nay sao bão giông nhiều

Những cửa sổ con tàu chẳng đóng

Dải đồng hoang và đại ngàn tối sẫm

Em lạc loài giữa sâu thẳm rừng anh…

(Xuân Quỳnh, Tự hát, dẫn theo thivien.net)

Ý nghĩa nào KHÔNG được suy ra từ đoạn thơ trên?

Ví dụ nào sau đây minh hoạ cho một quần thể sinh vật?