Cho biết nguyên tử khối: $\text{H}=1,\text{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}C}=12,\text{ N}=14,\text{O}=16,$ $Na=23.$

PHẦN I. Câu trắc nghiệm nhiều phương án lựa chọn. Thí sinh trả lời từ câu 1 đến câu 18. Mỗi câu hỏi thí sinh chỉ chọn một phương án.

 Lactic acid là một chất có một trong nhiều thực phẩm, lactic acid cũng được tạo ra tự nhiên trong cơ thể con người, chủ yếu trong quá trình chuyển hóa glucose kỵ khí. Công thức cấu tạo của lactic acid như hình dưới.

Nhóm chức nào trong các nhóm chức sau có trong phân tử lactic acid?

     (1) Alcohol;                  (2) Carboxylic acid;     (3) Ester;      (4). Ketone.

Hồng cầu được coi như có dạng đĩa tròn với đường kính 7,8 μm. Hỏi cần khoảng bao nhiêu nguyên tử Fr sắp xếp thẳng hàng và khít nhau để tạo nên một đoạn thẳng có chiều dài bằng đường kính của hồng cầu. Biết rằng Fr là nguyên tử có đường kính lớn nhất, với giá trị đường kính là 5,4 Å.

Xác định: Trên thực tế, có mấy tiêu chí phân loại mạch điện tử điều khiển?

Read the following passage about lifelong learning and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Lifelong learning is the ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for personal or professional development (Knowles, 2020). [II] This concept emphasizes that learning does not stop after formal education, but rather continues throughout an individual's life, adapting to changing circumstances and needs. [III] In today’s fast-paced world, where technology and job markets evolve rapidly, lifelong learning has become increasingly essential. [IV]

One of the primary benefits of lifelong learning is its ability to enhance employability. Individuals who engage in continuous education are more likely to keep their skills relevant and competitive in the job market. According to a report by the World Economic Forum (2021), over 50% of employees will need reskilling due to technological advancements in the coming years. Lifelong learners are better equipped to adapt to these changes, making them more attractive candidates for employers.

Moreover, lifelong learning contributes to personal fulfillment and mental well-being. Engaging in new learning experiences can stimulate the brain, foster creativity, and improve cognitive function. Research indicates that individuals who pursue learning opportunities throughout their lives tend to report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction (Smith & Johnson, 2019). Whether it is taking a course, learning a new language, or picking up a new hobby, the process of acquiring knowledge can be enriching and enjoyable.

In addition, lifelong learning promotes social engagement and community involvement. Participating in educational programs or community workshops can foster connections with others who share similar interests. This social aspect of learning can enhance one's sense of belonging and support networks, which are crucial for mental health (Jones, 2022).

Overall, lifelong learning is not just an individual responsibility; it requires support from educational institutions, employers, and communities to create an environment conducive to continuous education. By fostering a culture of learning, society can better prepare individuals for the challenges of the future and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?

Lifelong learning encourages individuals to embrace new skills and knowledge throughout their lives.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer.

Global Issues: Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment

Gender equality means that men and women have equal power and equal opportunities for financial independence, education, and personal development. Women's empowerment is a critical aspect of achieving gender equality. It includes increasing a woman's sense of self-worth, her decision-making power, her access to opportunities and resources, her power and control over her own life inside and outside the home, and her ability to effect change. Yet gender issues are not focused on women alone, but on the relationship between men and women in society. The actions and attitudes of men and boys play an essential role in achieving gender equality.

Education is a key area of focus. Although the world is making progress in achieving gender parity in education, girls still make up a higher percentage of out-of-school children than boys. Approximately one quarter of girls in the developing world do not attend school. Typically, families with limited means who cannot afford costs such as school fees, uniforms, and supplies for all of their children will prioritize education for their sons. Families may also rely on girls' labor for household chores, carrying water, and childcare, leaving limited time for schooling. But prioritizing girls' education provides perhaps the single highest return on investment in the developing world. An educated girl is more likely to postpone marriage, raise a smaller family, have healthier children, and send her own children to school. She has more opportunities to earn an income and to participate in political processes, and she is less likely to become infected with HIV.

Women's health and safety is another important area. HIV/AIDS is becoming an increasingly impactful issue for women. This can be related to women having fewer opportunities for health education, unequal power in sexual partnership, or as a result of gender-based violence. Maternal health is also an issue of specific concern. In many countries, women have limited access to prenatal and infant care, and are more likely to experience complications during pregnancy and childbirth. This is a critical concern in countries where girls marry and have children before they are ready; often well before the age of 18. Quality maternal health care can provide an important entry point for information and services that empower mothers as informed decision-makers concerning their own health and the health of their children.

A final area of focus in attaining gender equality is women's economic and political empowerment. Though women comprise more than 50% of the world's population, they only own 1% of the world's wealth. Throughout the world, women and girls perform long hours of unpaid domestic work. In some places, women still lack rights to own land or to inherit property, obtain access to credit, earn income, or to move up in their workplace, free from job discrimination. At all levels, including at home and in the public arena, women are widely underrepresented as decision-makers. In legislatures around the world, women are outnumbered 4 to 1, yet women's political participation is crucial for achieving gender equality and genuine democracy.

According the passage, what is the meaning of “gender equality”?

Khi nói về cấu tạo của hạt nhân, ý nào không đúng?

Loại hình vận tải nào có vai trò quan trọng nhất thúc đẩy sự phát triển của vùng Đông Xi-bia?

Khi nhập dữ liệu cho bảng có khóa ngoài, dữ liệu của khóa ngoài đó phải là dữ liệu liên kết đến loại khóa nào trong bảng tham chiếu khác?

Read the following passage about the impact of social media on mental health and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

          [I] In recent years, social media platforms have become a central part of daily life, offering users countless ways to connect, share, and communicate. [II] While these platforms offer many advantages, experts have noted rising concerns about their effects on mental health, particularly among young people (Smith & Anderson, 2018). [III] Studies reveal that excessive social media use can contribute to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness, despite its intention to promote connection and social interaction (Twenge & Campbell, 2019). [IV]

          A primary reason for these mental health concerns is the tendency for social media users to compare themselves to others. Platforms like Instagram and Facebook often highlight idealized lifestyles, leading users to feel inadequate about their own lives. Additionally, the constant notifications and messages contribute to a "fear of missing out," or FOMO, which keeps individuals in a cycle of checking their phones, often reducing the quality of sleep and overall well-being.

          There is also a growing body of research suggesting a link between social media use and decreased attention spans. When users frequently switch between apps and notifications, their ability to focus for extended periods may diminish (Rosen, 2019). This shift in attention can interfere with productivity, especially in academic and professional settings, where sustained focus is essential.

          Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach. Some mental health professionals suggest limiting screen time and setting boundaries, such as "device-free" hours before bedtime. Others recommend engaging in offline activities, like reading or exercising, to reduce dependence on social media and build healthier habits. According to psychologists, such strategies can enhance mental resilience and allow for more meaningful, balanced relationships (Robinson & Smith, 2020).

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an effect of social media on mental health?

Yếu tố nào sau đây ảnh hưởng đến cuộc đời và sự nghiệp của Hồ Chí Minh?

Hoạt hình cho phép kể câu chuyện?

Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

Trong công nghiệp chlorine-kiềm, dung dịch sodium chloride (NaCl) bão hoà có nồng độ khoảng 300 g L⁻¹ chỉ được điện phân một phần thành “nước muối nghèo” có nồng độ 220 g L⁻¹. “Nước muối nghèo” sau đó được dẫn ra khỏi bề điện phân, trong khi nước muối bão hoà mới được bơm vào. Việc làm này giúp hạn chế sự tạo thành các sản phẩm không mong muốn của quá trình điện phân. Trong khi đó, dung dịch NaOH (xút) thu được tại cathode có nồng độ khoảng 32% được chuyển sang thiết bị cô đặc để sản xuất xút có nồng độ mong muốn, ví dụ xút 45%, xút 50%. Giả sử xút không bị thất thoát trong quá trình cô đặc, thể tích dung dịch NaCl thay đổi không đáng kể trong quá trình điện phân. Để sản xuất được một thùng 20 lít xút 50% thương phẩm có khối lượng riêng là 1,52 g mL⁻¹, cần điện phân x lít dung dịch NaCl bão hoà.

Tính giá trị của x (làm tròn đến một chữ số thập phân).

Hai vật tiếp xúc nhau ở trạng thái cân bằng nhiệt khi

She has recently bought a new car, _______?

Miền nghiệm của bất phương trình $2x-\sqrt{2}y+\sqrt{2}-2\le 0$ chứa điểm nào sau đây?