Để chuyển gene vào cơ thể thực vật, vector được sử dụng phổ biến nhất là     

Việc chia sẻ thông tin cá nhân của người khác mà không được sự đồng ý có thể vi phạm quyền nào dưới đây?

Read the following passage about heat transfer in the atmosphere and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Because the low latitudes of the Earth, the areas near the equator, receive more heat than the latitudes near the poles, and because the nature of heat is to expand and move, heat is transported from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes. Some of this heat is moved by winds and some by ocean currents, and some gets stored in the atmosphere in the form of latent heat.

[I] The term “latent heat” refers to the energy that has to be used to convert liquid water to water vapor. [II] We know that if we warm a pan of water on a stove, it will evaporate, or turn into vapor, faster than if it is allowed to sit at room temperature. [III] We also know that if we hang wet clothes outside in the summertime, they will dry faster than in winter, when the temperature is lower. The energy used in both cases to change liquid water to water vapor is supplied by heat - supplied by the stove in the first case and by the Sun in the latter case. This energy is not lost. [IV] It is stored as vapor in the atmosphere as latent heat. Eventually, the water stored as vapor in the atmosphere will condense to liquid again, and the energy will be released to the atmosphere.

In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun’s incoming energy is used to evaporate water, primarily in the tropical oceans. Scientists have tried to pin down this proportion of the Sun’s energy. By analyzing temperature, water vapor, and wind data around the globe, they have estimated the quantity to be about 90 watts per square meter, or nearly 30 percent of the Sun’s energy. Once this latent heat is stored within the atmosphere, it can be transported, primarily to higher latitudes, by prevailing, large-scale winds. Or it can be transported vertically to higher levels in the atmosphere, where it forms clouds and subsequent storms, which then release the energy back to the atmosphere.

(Adapted from civilserviceguide.com> topics > reading-comprehension...)

Which of the following best summarises the main point of the passage?

Đặc điểm nổi bật của thiên nhiên miền Tây Bắc và Bắc Trung Bộ nước ta là

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D   to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

JOIN THE INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL FESTIVAL!

    Are you looking (1) ______ a fun and exciting event? Come to the International Cultural Festival this weekend! This amazing event brings together cultures from around the world, offering you the chance to enjoy (2) ______ different traditions, foods, and music. This is a great chance to make new friends and (3) ______ traditions from various countries. A special part of the festival is the art exhibition, where (4) ______ works from local and international artists will be displayed. Don’t miss the opportunity to experience (5) ______ variety of cultural activities all in one place. Everyone is welcome to join the celebration, and there’s something for all ages to enjoy. The festival (6) ______ at the city park from 10 AM to 5 PM on Saturday. See you there!

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

     Animals are primed to be wary through natural selection rather than scary television shows, but like humans, they often make mistakes when watching out for threats.

     Identifying stealthy predators is already a difficult task. From the perspective of a songbird, a harmless crow flying overhead may look similar to a raptor. But predator identification is made more challenging by the fact that prey animals often juggle multiple activities like foraging, keeping an eye on competitors and courting mates, all at the same time.

     This can be made easier by working as a group. Members of a school of fish, flock of birds or herd of antelope can share the task of watching out for predators. When an animal detects a predator, they share this information with other group members directly, by producing a warning, or inadvertently, by preparing to flee. The group as a whole can then respond by fleeing, hiding or adopting a defensive position.

     But this information is not always reliable. When predators are harder to identify, perhaps because they are well camouflaged, an animal may be more likely to mistake unrelated sounds or movements for a predator. Research found that bumblebees were more likely to produce false alarms having previously been exposed to highly camouflaged goldenrod crab spiders than bees that were unaccustomed to them.

     Some species are instead simply more vulnerable to predators than others. This can be because they are not fast enough to escape a close encounter or not equipped to fight a predator off. For these species, ignoring a true alarm is more likely to result in death, so it may be beneficial to follow a “better-safe-than-sorry” principle and pay the cost of being occasionally wrong. Willow tits produce alarm calls in response to most large aerial objects including planes and crows. This is because they are typically hunted in ambush attacks in which they are unlikely to escape. So the costs of alarm calling at a few planes becomes dwarfed by the threat of being killed in an attack.

(Adapted from https://www.thesouthafrican.com/animals/why-prey-animals-often-see-threats)

Biết khối lượng của các hạt proton, neutron và hạt nhân \(_{15}^{31}{\rm{P}}\) lần lượt là \(1,0073{\rm{u}};1,0087{\rm{u}};30,9655{\rm{u}}.\) Năng lượng liên kết riêng của hạt nhân \(_{15}^{31}{\rm{P}}\) là