Read the following passage about Key to Addressing Poverty, Gender Disparities, and Environmental Challenges and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Social issues are problems that affect a large number of people in society, often creating inequality and hardship. One of the most significant social issues today is poverty. (18)_________, such as food, shelter, and education. In many parts of the world, (19)_________, with families trapped in a cycle of deprivation. While poverty is a complex issue, it is often connected to factors like unemployment and lack of access to education. These factors make it hard for individuals to escape the cycle and improve their lives. To address poverty, governments and organizations must create sustainable policies that focus on education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.

Another pressing issue is gender inequality. In many countries, women still face discrimination in areas like employment and education, limiting their opportunities for personal and economic growth. Even in developed nations, women earn less than men for doing the same work. (20)_________, as people demand equal rights and opportunities for all genders. Moreover, gender inequality can also affect women's health and safety, (21)_________.

Finally, environmental degradation, like pollution and climate change, is a growing global concern. Environmental damage, (22)_________, especially in poorer regions, often affects them the most. The increasing frequency of natural disasters, caused by climate change, is also putting immense pressure on vulnerable populations. Tackling these issues requires a collective effort from both individuals and governments. Only through cooperation and sustainable practices can we hope to create a more equitable and livable world for future generations.

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect affected by gender inequality?

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

The word “advancement” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to______.

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to________.

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

The word “disparities” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________.

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined in paragraph 4?

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

In which paragraph does the writer mention a gender inequality in the workplace?

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

In which paragraph does the writer mention an effort to eliminate gender inequality?

Read the following passage about the Exploring The Universe and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Science is a vast and fascinating field that seeks to understand the natural world and the universe beyond[I]. It encompasses various disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy[II]. Each of these areas contributes to our understanding of complex phenomena, [III]. For instance, scientific research has led to significant breakthroughs in medicine, renewable energy, and environmental conservation[IV]. In this essay, we will explore the impact of science on our lives, particularly focusing on space exploration.

One of the most intriguing aspects of science is space exploration. Humans have always looked to the stars, wondering what lies beyond our planet. The launch of satellites and manned missions has allowed us to gather valuable information about the cosmos. For example, NASA's Mars Rover has provided insight into the potential for life on other planets. Through meticulous research and data collection, scientists can analyze soil samples and atmospheric conditions, paving the way for future explorations.

Space exploration also raises critical questions about our existence and the future of humanity. As we continue to advance technologically, the prospect of colonizing other planets becomes more plausible. This endeavor could serve as a solution to the challenges we face on Earth, such as overpopulation and resource depletion. However, ethical considerations must guide these efforts. We must ensure that we do not repeat the mistakes of history, such as the exploitation of natural resources and indigenous populations.

Moreover, scientific advancements have enabled us to develop technologies that enhance our understanding of the universe. Telescopes and space probes allow us to observe distant galaxies, study black holes, and uncover the mysteries of dark matter. Each discovery leads to new questions, further fueling our curiosity and drive for knowledge. The concept of the multiverse, for instance, challenges our understanding of reality and pushes the boundaries of scientific thought.

In addition to exploring the universe, science plays a crucial role in addressing pressing issues on Earth. Climate change, for example, is a significant concern that scientists are actively investigating. Through climate models and data analysis, researchers can predict future trends and propose solutions to mitigate the effects of global warming. Public awareness and education are essential in fostering a collective response to environmental challenges.

As we reflect on the wonders of science, it is clear that its contributions extend far beyond mere knowledge acquisition. Science empowers us to make informed decisions about our health, environment, and future. By fostering a culture of curiosity and critical thinking, we can inspire future generations to continue exploring the unknown.

Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

enabling advancements that improve our daily lives

Read the following passage about the Exploring The Universe and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Science is a vast and fascinating field that seeks to understand the natural world and the universe beyond[I]. It encompasses various disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy[II]. Each of these areas contributes to our understanding of complex phenomena, [III]. For instance, scientific research has led to significant breakthroughs in medicine, renewable energy, and environmental conservation[IV]. In this essay, we will explore the impact of science on our lives, particularly focusing on space exploration.

One of the most intriguing aspects of science is space exploration. Humans have always looked to the stars, wondering what lies beyond our planet. The launch of satellites and manned missions has allowed us to gather valuable information about the cosmos. For example, NASA's Mars Rover has provided insight into the potential for life on other planets. Through meticulous research and data collection, scientists can analyze soil samples and atmospheric conditions, paving the way for future explorations.

Space exploration also raises critical questions about our existence and the future of humanity. As we continue to advance technologically, the prospect of colonizing other planets becomes more plausible. This endeavor could serve as a solution to the challenges we face on Earth, such as overpopulation and resource depletion. However, ethical considerations must guide these efforts. We must ensure that we do not repeat the mistakes of history, such as the exploitation of natural resources and indigenous populations.

Moreover, scientific advancements have enabled us to develop technologies that enhance our understanding of the universe. Telescopes and space probes allow us to observe distant galaxies, study black holes, and uncover the mysteries of dark matter. Each discovery leads to new questions, further fueling our curiosity and drive for knowledge. The concept of the multiverse, for instance, challenges our understanding of reality and pushes the boundaries of scientific thought.

In addition to exploring the universe, science plays a crucial role in addressing pressing issues on Earth. Climate change, for example, is a significant concern that scientists are actively investigating. Through climate models and data analysis, researchers can predict future trends and propose solutions to mitigate the effects of global warming. Public awareness and education are essential in fostering a collective response to environmental challenges.

As we reflect on the wonders of science, it is clear that its contributions extend far beyond mere knowledge acquisition. Science empowers us to make informed decisions about our health, environment, and future. By fostering a culture of curiosity and critical thinking, we can inspire future generations to continue exploring the unknown.

The phrase “paving the way” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by_______.