Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The IQ test has been eclipsed in turn. Most people studying intelligence and creativity in the new millennium now prefer a broader definition, using a multifaceted approach(18)_______. If we are therefore assuming that talented, creative or gifted individuals may need to be assessed across a range of abilities, does this mean intelligence can run in families as a genetic or inherited tendency? Mental dysfunction - such as schizophrenia - can, so is an efficient mental capacity passed on from parent to child?

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement,(19)_______. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.(20)______. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Potentially undervalued,(21)_______. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. (22)______. Then they nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. Another undeniable theme is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental  teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement,(19)_______. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.(20)______. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Potentially undervalued,(21)_______. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. (22)______. Then they nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. Another undeniable theme is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental  teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement,(19)_______. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.(20)______. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Potentially undervalued,(21)_______. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. (22)______. Then they nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. Another undeniable theme is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental  teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement,(19)_______. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.(20)______. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Potentially undervalued,(21)_______. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. (22)______. Then they nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. Another undeniable theme is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental  teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the traditions discussed in the passage?

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

The word "decompose" in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to:

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

The word staple in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by:

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

The word their in paragraph 3 refers to:

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

In which paragraph are the environmental effects of releasing balloons and sky lanterns discussed?