Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Protecting our planet is crucial for future generations. Simple actions like recycling, conserving water, and reducing waste can make a significant difference.

b. Education is key; by raising awareness about environmental issues, we can inspire others to take action.

c. In conclusion, it is our responsibility to protect the environment. Together, we can create a healthier, more sustainable world for everyone.

d. The environment is essential for our survival, yet it faces numerous threats from pollution, deforestation, and climate change. 

e. Planting trees helps combat air pollution and supports wildlife. Additionally, using public transport or biking reduces carbon emissions. 

 

Read the following passage about The Importance of Maintaining Good Health and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Maintaining good health is essential for a fulfilling life. Many people often overlook the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise. (18)_________________________. Regular physical activity not only helps in managing weight but also reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Those who engage in physical activities regularly tend to experience improved mental health and lower stress levels.

Furthermore, getting (19)__________________________. Studies have shown that sleep plays a significant role in the body's recovery processes. (20)_______________________, leading to decreased productivity and mood swings. It's important to prioritize rest as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Moreover, hydration should not be neglected. (21)______________________________. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, headaches, and impaired physical performance. (22)__________________________.

In addition to these factors, mental health is just as important as physical health. Practices such as mindfulness and meditation can help manage stress and improve emotional well-being. Engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation is essential for mental health, allowing individuals to cope better with life’s challenges.

Overall, achieving a healthy lifestyle requires a combination of proper nutrition, physical activity, hydration, and mental well-being. It is crucial that we make a conscious effort to incorporate these elements into our daily routines to ensure a long and healthy life.

Read the following passage about The Importance of Maintaining Good Health and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Maintaining good health is essential for a fulfilling life. Many people often overlook the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise. (18)_________________________. Regular physical activity not only helps in managing weight but also reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Those who engage in physical activities regularly tend to experience improved mental health and lower stress levels.

Furthermore, getting (19)__________________________. Studies have shown that sleep plays a significant role in the body's recovery processes. (20)_______________________, leading to decreased productivity and mood swings. It's important to prioritize rest as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Moreover, hydration should not be neglected. (21)______________________________. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, headaches, and impaired physical performance. (22)__________________________.

In addition to these factors, mental health is just as important as physical health. Practices such as mindfulness and meditation can help manage stress and improve emotional well-being. Engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation is essential for mental health, allowing individuals to cope better with life’s challenges.

Overall, achieving a healthy lifestyle requires a combination of proper nutrition, physical activity, hydration, and mental well-being. It is crucial that we make a conscious effort to incorporate these elements into our daily routines to ensure a long and healthy life.

Read the following passage about The Importance of Maintaining Good Health and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Maintaining good health is essential for a fulfilling life. Many people often overlook the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise. (18)_________________________. Regular physical activity not only helps in managing weight but also reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Those who engage in physical activities regularly tend to experience improved mental health and lower stress levels.

Furthermore, getting (19)__________________________. Studies have shown that sleep plays a significant role in the body's recovery processes. (20)_______________________, leading to decreased productivity and mood swings. It's important to prioritize rest as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Moreover, hydration should not be neglected. (21)______________________________. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, headaches, and impaired physical performance. (22)__________________________.

In addition to these factors, mental health is just as important as physical health. Practices such as mindfulness and meditation can help manage stress and improve emotional well-being. Engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation is essential for mental health, allowing individuals to cope better with life’s challenges.

Overall, achieving a healthy lifestyle requires a combination of proper nutrition, physical activity, hydration, and mental well-being. It is crucial that we make a conscious effort to incorporate these elements into our daily routines to ensure a long and healthy life.

Read the following passage about The Importance of Maintaining Good Health and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Maintaining good health is essential for a fulfilling life. Many people often overlook the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise. (18)_________________________. Regular physical activity not only helps in managing weight but also reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Those who engage in physical activities regularly tend to experience improved mental health and lower stress levels.

Furthermore, getting (19)__________________________. Studies have shown that sleep plays a significant role in the body's recovery processes. (20)_______________________, leading to decreased productivity and mood swings. It's important to prioritize rest as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Moreover, hydration should not be neglected. (21)______________________________. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, headaches, and impaired physical performance. (22)__________________________.

In addition to these factors, mental health is just as important as physical health. Practices such as mindfulness and meditation can help manage stress and improve emotional well-being. Engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation is essential for mental health, allowing individuals to cope better with life’s challenges.

Overall, achieving a healthy lifestyle requires a combination of proper nutrition, physical activity, hydration, and mental well-being. It is crucial that we make a conscious effort to incorporate these elements into our daily routines to ensure a long and healthy life.

Read the following passage about The Importance of Maintaining Good Health and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Maintaining good health is essential for a fulfilling life. Many people often overlook the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise. (18)_________________________. Regular physical activity not only helps in managing weight but also reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Those who engage in physical activities regularly tend to experience improved mental health and lower stress levels.

Furthermore, getting (19)__________________________. Studies have shown that sleep plays a significant role in the body's recovery processes. (20)_______________________, leading to decreased productivity and mood swings. It's important to prioritize rest as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Moreover, hydration should not be neglected. (21)______________________________. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, headaches, and impaired physical performance. (22)__________________________.

In addition to these factors, mental health is just as important as physical health. Practices such as mindfulness and meditation can help manage stress and improve emotional well-being. Engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation is essential for mental health, allowing individuals to cope better with life’s challenges.

Overall, achieving a healthy lifestyle requires a combination of proper nutrition, physical activity, hydration, and mental well-being. It is crucial that we make a conscious effort to incorporate these elements into our daily routines to ensure a long and healthy life.

Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

It's a widely held belief that cities harm the environment. For this reason, many developing countries have imposed restrictions on the movement of people from rural to urban areas and on the size of large cities. But there are problems with this viewpoint. Urbanization that is properly controlled can benefit the environment in a number of ways.

First, urbanization is a highly productive force due to the combination of economies of scale and positive externalities. Over 5.5 times as much is produced in Asia's cities as in its rural areas. Urban agglomeration makes it possible to use fewer resources to produce the same amount of work as non-urban areas. Urbanization therefore reduces the environmental impact. Urbanization is necessary because the service sector depends on a concentration of clients. The growth of service industries, which typically generate less waste than manufacturing, is another environmentally beneficial aspect of urbanization.

Second, for any given population, high urban density has no effect on the environment. According to urban economics studies, density is one of the most significant factors influencing energy consumption. In places with a high population density, public transportation may be more convenient and quicker. City dwellers are more likely to walk or ride a bike instead of drive. Third, the construction, upkeep, and operation of environmentally friendly public services and infrastructure, such as waste management, sanitation, and piped water, are considerably simpler and less expensive in urban areas. More people can now afford to use eco-friendly facilities and services thanks to urbanization.

Fourth, urbanization is driving the development of new technologies, including eco-friendly ones. Eco-friendly vehicles, utilities, and equipment are essential to the green economy's long-term survival. Asia's enormous market will support green innovations in cities because the region's enormous population will provide entrepreneurs with many incentives and opportunities to invest in the development of energy-efficient products. Last but not least, the improved standard of living brought about by urbanization has improved access to housing, food, healthcare, and education. Cities with more residents can invest more in infrastructure, which reduces traffic and improves public health. Urbanization fosters pro-environmental attitudes, especially among middle-class property owners, which greatly aid in the introduction and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.

Any expanding city will inevitably incur expenses. People are moving in large numbers to Asian cities, and many companies have opened offices there to capitalize on this trend. Examples of industrial operations that contribute to urban sprawl and harm the environment include the generation of electricity, transportation, construction, trash, and waste disposal. Both the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization should be taken into account when assessing its effects on the environment.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a positive effects of properly managed 

Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

It's a widely held belief that cities harm the environment. For this reason, many developing countries have imposed restrictions on the movement of people from rural to urban areas and on the size of large cities. But there are problems with this viewpoint. Urbanization that is properly controlled can benefit the environment in a number of ways.

First, urbanization is a highly productive force due to the combination of economies of scale and positive externalities. Over 5.5 times as much is produced in Asia's cities as in its rural areas. Urban agglomeration makes it possible to use fewer resources to produce the same amount of work as non-urban areas. Urbanization therefore reduces the environmental impact. Urbanization is necessary because the service sector depends on a concentration of clients. The growth of service industries, which typically generate less waste than manufacturing, is another environmentally beneficial aspect of urbanization.

Second, for any given population, high urban density has no effect on the environment. According to urban economics studies, density is one of the most significant factors influencing energy consumption. In places with a high population density, public transportation may be more convenient and quicker. City dwellers are more likely to walk or ride a bike instead of drive. Third, the construction, upkeep, and operation of environmentally friendly public services and infrastructure, such as waste management, sanitation, and piped water, are considerably simpler and less expensive in urban areas. More people can now afford to use eco-friendly facilities and services thanks to urbanization.

Fourth, urbanization is driving the development of new technologies, including eco-friendly ones. Eco-friendly vehicles, utilities, and equipment are essential to the green economy's long-term survival. Asia's enormous market will support green innovations in cities because the region's enormous population will provide entrepreneurs with many incentives and opportunities to invest in the development of energy-efficient products. Last but not least, the improved standard of living brought about by urbanization has improved access to housing, food, healthcare, and education. Cities with more residents can invest more in infrastructure, which reduces traffic and improves public health. Urbanization fosters pro-environmental attitudes, especially among middle-class property owners, which greatly aid in the introduction and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.

Any expanding city will inevitably incur expenses. People are moving in large numbers to Asian cities, and many companies have opened offices there to capitalize on this trend. Examples of industrial operations that contribute to urban sprawl and harm the environment include the generation of electricity, transportation, construction, trash, and waste disposal. Both the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization should be taken into account when assessing its effects on the environment.

The word “essential” in paragraph 4 is opposite in meaning to________.

Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

It's a widely held belief that cities harm the environment. For this reason, many developing countries have imposed restrictions on the movement of people from rural to urban areas and on the size of large cities. But there are problems with this viewpoint. Urbanization that is properly controlled can benefit the environment in a number of ways.

First, urbanization is a highly productive force due to the combination of economies of scale and positive externalities. Over 5.5 times as much is produced in Asia's cities as in its rural areas. Urban agglomeration makes it possible to use fewer resources to produce the same amount of work as non-urban areas. Urbanization therefore reduces the environmental impact. Urbanization is necessary because the service sector depends on a concentration of clients. The growth of service industries, which typically generate less waste than manufacturing, is another environmentally beneficial aspect of urbanization.

Second, for any given population, high urban density has no effect on the environment. According to urban economics studies, density is one of the most significant factors influencing energy consumption. In places with a high population density, public transportation may be more convenient and quicker. City dwellers are more likely to walk or ride a bike instead of drive. Third, the construction, upkeep, and operation of environmentally friendly public services and infrastructure, such as waste management, sanitation, and piped water, are considerably simpler and less expensive in urban areas. More people can now afford to use eco-friendly facilities and services thanks to urbanization.

Fourth, urbanization is driving the development of new technologies, including eco-friendly ones. Eco-friendly vehicles, utilities, and equipment are essential to the green economy's long-term survival. Asia's enormous market will support green innovations in cities because the region's enormous population will provide entrepreneurs with many incentives and opportunities to invest in the development of energy-efficient products. Last but not least, the improved standard of living brought about by urbanization has improved access to housing, food, healthcare, and education. Cities with more residents can invest more in infrastructure, which reduces traffic and improves public health. Urbanization fosters pro-environmental attitudes, especially among middle-class property owners, which greatly aid in the introduction and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.

Any expanding city will inevitably incur expenses. People are moving in large numbers to Asian cities, and many companies have opened offices there to capitalize on this trend. Examples of industrial operations that contribute to urban sprawl and harm the environment include the generation of electricity, transportation, construction, trash, and waste disposal. Both the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization should be taken into account when assessing its effects on the environment.

The word “which” in paragraph 4 refers to_________________.

Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

It's a widely held belief that cities harm the environment. For this reason, many developing countries have imposed restrictions on the movement of people from rural to urban areas and on the size of large cities. But there are problems with this viewpoint. Urbanization that is properly controlled can benefit the environment in a number of ways.

First, urbanization is a highly productive force due to the combination of economies of scale and positive externalities. Over 5.5 times as much is produced in Asia's cities as in its rural areas. Urban agglomeration makes it possible to use fewer resources to produce the same amount of work as non-urban areas. Urbanization therefore reduces the environmental impact. Urbanization is necessary because the service sector depends on a concentration of clients. The growth of service industries, which typically generate less waste than manufacturing, is another environmentally beneficial aspect of urbanization.

Second, for any given population, high urban density has no effect on the environment. According to urban economics studies, density is one of the most significant factors influencing energy consumption. In places with a high population density, public transportation may be more convenient and quicker. City dwellers are more likely to walk or ride a bike instead of drive. Third, the construction, upkeep, and operation of environmentally friendly public services and infrastructure, such as waste management, sanitation, and piped water, are considerably simpler and less expensive in urban areas. More people can now afford to use eco-friendly facilities and services thanks to urbanization.

Fourth, urbanization is driving the development of new technologies, including eco-friendly ones. Eco-friendly vehicles, utilities, and equipment are essential to the green economy's long-term survival. Asia's enormous market will support green innovations in cities because the region's enormous population will provide entrepreneurs with many incentives and opportunities to invest in the development of energy-efficient products. Last but not least, the improved standard of living brought about by urbanization has improved access to housing, food, healthcare, and education. Cities with more residents can invest more in infrastructure, which reduces traffic and improves public health. Urbanization fosters pro-environmental attitudes, especially among middle-class property owners, which greatly aid in the introduction and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.

Any expanding city will inevitably incur expenses. People are moving in large numbers to Asian cities, and many companies have opened offices there to capitalize on this trend. Examples of industrial operations that contribute to urban sprawl and harm the environment include the generation of electricity, transportation, construction, trash, and waste disposal. Both the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization should be taken into account when assessing its effects on the environment.

The word “convenient” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________?

Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

It's a widely held belief that cities harm the environment. For this reason, many developing countries have imposed restrictions on the movement of people from rural to urban areas and on the size of large cities. But there are problems with this viewpoint. Urbanization that is properly controlled can benefit the environment in a number of ways.

First, urbanization is a highly productive force due to the combination of economies of scale and positive externalities. Over 5.5 times as much is produced in Asia's cities as in its rural areas. Urban agglomeration makes it possible to use fewer resources to produce the same amount of work as non-urban areas. Urbanization therefore reduces the environmental impact. Urbanization is necessary because the service sector depends on a concentration of clients. The growth of service industries, which typically generate less waste than manufacturing, is another environmentally beneficial aspect of urbanization.

Second, for any given population, high urban density has no effect on the environment. According to urban economics studies, density is one of the most significant factors influencing energy consumption. In places with a high population density, public transportation may be more convenient and quicker. City dwellers are more likely to walk or ride a bike instead of drive. Third, the construction, upkeep, and operation of environmentally friendly public services and infrastructure, such as waste management, sanitation, and piped water, are considerably simpler and less expensive in urban areas. More people can now afford to use eco-friendly facilities and services thanks to urbanization.

Fourth, urbanization is driving the development of new technologies, including eco-friendly ones. Eco-friendly vehicles, utilities, and equipment are essential to the green economy's long-term survival. Asia's enormous market will support green innovations in cities because the region's enormous population will provide entrepreneurs with many incentives and opportunities to invest in the development of energy-efficient products. Last but not least, the improved standard of living brought about by urbanization has improved access to housing, food, healthcare, and education. Cities with more residents can invest more in infrastructure, which reduces traffic and improves public health. Urbanization fosters pro-environmental attitudes, especially among middle-class property owners, which greatly aid in the introduction and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.

Any expanding city will inevitably incur expenses. People are moving in large numbers to Asian cities, and many companies have opened offices there to capitalize on this trend. Examples of industrial operations that contribute to urban sprawl and harm the environment include the generation of electricity, transportation, construction, trash, and waste disposal. Both the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization should be taken into account when assessing its effects on the environment.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?