Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17 

a. Sally: Definitely! This score opens so many doors, and I’m aiming for a university in Australia.

b. Janna: That clearly paid off! You must feel so proud. Are you planning to study abroad now?

c. Sally: Hey Janna, guess what? I just got my IELTS results, and I scored an 8.0!

d. Janna: Wow, Sally! That’s amazing! Congratulations! How did you manage to achieve such a high score?

e. Sally: Thanks! I focused a lot on practicing my speaking and writing skills, and I took mock tests regularly.

 

 

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement,(19)_______. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.(20)______. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Potentially undervalued,(21)_______. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. (22)______. Then they nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. Another undeniable theme is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental  teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement,(19)_______. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.(20)______. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Potentially undervalued,(21)_______. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. (22)______. Then they nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. Another undeniable theme is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental  teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement,(19)_______. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.(20)______. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Potentially undervalued,(21)_______. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. (22)______. Then they nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. Another undeniable theme is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental  teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement,(19)_______. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.(20)______. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Potentially undervalued,(21)_______. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. (22)______. Then they nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. Another undeniable theme is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental  teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement,(19)_______. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety.(20)______. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Potentially undervalued,(21)_______. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. (22)______. Then they nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. Another undeniable theme is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental  teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the traditions discussed in the passage?