Câu hỏi:

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 17 to 26.

1. [I] Generational communication patterns describe how people from different age groups express themselves and interact. [II] Each generation has its own way of communicating, influenced by the social, cultural, and historical events experienced during their early years. [III] For example, Baby Boomers grew up during periods of social change and activism, which has made them prefer formal and face-to-face communication. [IV] In contrast, Gen Zers have grown up with digital technology like social media and texting, leading them to use informal language, emojis, and digital expressions.

2. Language evolves over time, and this can create gaps between generations. Younger people often use slang and abbreviations that older people may not understand, causing confusion. To improve communication between generations, it is important to be aware of these differences and try to adapt to others’ communication styles. This helps families and groups of different ages talk more clearly and avoid disagreements.

3. One of the biggest challenges in communication between generations is dealing with stereotypes. Older generations sometimes see younger ones as lazy or entitled, while younger generations may view older ones as out of touch or unwilling to change. Building empathy by listening to each other’s experiences and views can help break down these negative ideas.

4. Another challenge is the digital divide. Younger generations are more comfortable using technology and prefer texting or social media, while older generations may prefer face-to-face or phone conversations. Families can bridge this gap by sharing skills: younger members can teach technology, and older members can share wisdom.

5. Respecting boundaries and privacy is also important. Younger people may feel that older family members are too controlling, while older people may feel younger members are disrespectful. Open communication about needs and limits helps build stronger and healthier relationships.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 17 to 26.

1. [I] Generational communication patterns describe how people from different age groups express themselves and interact. [II] Each generation has its own way of communicating, influenced by the social, cultural, and historical events experienced during their early years. [III] For example, Baby Boomers grew up during periods of social change and activism, which has made them prefer formal and face-to-face communication. [IV] In contrast, Gen Zers have grown up with digital technology like social media and texting, leading them to use informal language, emojis, and digital expressions.

2. Language evolves over time, and this can create gaps between generations. Younger people often use slang and abbreviations that older people may not understand, causing confusion. To improve communication between generations, it is important to be aware of these differences and try to adapt to others’ communication styles. This helps families and groups of different ages talk more clearly and avoid disagreements.

3. One of the biggest challenges in communication between generations is dealing with stereotypes. Older generations sometimes see younger ones as lazy or entitled, while younger generations may view older ones as out of touch or unwilling to change. Building empathy by listening to each other’s experiences and views can help break down these negative ideas.

4. Another challenge is the digital divide. Younger generations are more comfortable using technology and prefer texting or social media, while older generations may prefer face-to-face or phone conversations. Families can bridge this gap by sharing skills: younger members can teach technology, and older members can share wisdom.

5. Respecting boundaries and privacy is also important. Younger people may feel that older family members are too controlling, while older people may feel younger members are disrespectful. Open communication about needs and limits helps build stronger and healthier relationships.

Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

1. As people grow older, their brains also go through aging. Every cell in the brain changes, including how genes behave. The brain is made up of many different types of cells, each with special roles and connections. Scientists have discovered that gene activity changes differently in various brain cells as we age. One particular type of neuron is affected the most. These discoveries could lead to ways to slow down brain aging and delay diseases like Alzheimer’s.

2. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry studied gene activity in brain cells using tissue samples from 90 people aged 25 to 85 who donated their brains after death. Their research focused on the prefrontal cortex, an important area for thinking, planning, and problem-solving.

3. They investigated the activity of genes in individual cells using a method known as single nucleus RNA sequencing. They found that gene expression changes during aging in all types of brain cells, but the specific genes involved differ. Genes that help neurons communicate and produce proteins show changes as people get older.

4. Since age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, the researchers compared gene changes during normal aging with those in Alzheimer’s patients. They found many similarities, suggesting that normal aging changes might become harmful if they go beyond a certain point. One type of inhibitory neuron seems particularly affected by both aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

5. The study also compared brains of people with and without mental health disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses showed signs of faster biological aging, meaning their brains looked older at the gene level. This could explain why people with conditions like schizophrenia might be more prone to brain aging and related diseases.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

1. As people grow older, their brains also go through aging. Every cell in the brain changes, including how genes behave. The brain is made up of many different types of cells, each with special roles and connections. Scientists have discovered that gene activity changes differently in various brain cells as we age. One particular type of neuron is affected the most. These discoveries could lead to ways to slow down brain aging and delay diseases like Alzheimer’s.

2. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry studied gene activity in brain cells using tissue samples from 90 people aged 25 to 85 who donated their brains after death. Their research focused on the prefrontal cortex, an important area for thinking, planning, and problem-solving.

3. They investigated the activity of genes in individual cells using a method known as single nucleus RNA sequencing. They found that gene expression changes during aging in all types of brain cells, but the specific genes involved differ. Genes that help neurons communicate and produce proteins show changes as people get older.

4. Since age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, the researchers compared gene changes during normal aging with those in Alzheimer’s patients. They found many similarities, suggesting that normal aging changes might become harmful if they go beyond a certain point. One type of inhibitory neuron seems particularly affected by both aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

5. The study also compared brains of people with and without mental health disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses showed signs of faster biological aging, meaning their brains looked older at the gene level. This could explain why people with conditions like schizophrenia might be more prone to brain aging and related diseases.

The word Their in paragraph 2 refers to __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

1. As people grow older, their brains also go through aging. Every cell in the brain changes, including how genes behave. The brain is made up of many different types of cells, each with special roles and connections. Scientists have discovered that gene activity changes differently in various brain cells as we age. One particular type of neuron is affected the most. These discoveries could lead to ways to slow down brain aging and delay diseases like Alzheimer’s.

2. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry studied gene activity in brain cells using tissue samples from 90 people aged 25 to 85 who donated their brains after death. Their research focused on the prefrontal cortex, an important area for thinking, planning, and problem-solving.

3. They investigated the activity of genes in individual cells using a method known as single nucleus RNA sequencing. They found that gene expression changes during aging in all types of brain cells, but the specific genes involved differ. Genes that help neurons communicate and produce proteins show changes as people get older.

4. Since age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, the researchers compared gene changes during normal aging with those in Alzheimer’s patients. They found many similarities, suggesting that normal aging changes might become harmful if they go beyond a certain point. One type of inhibitory neuron seems particularly affected by both aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

5. The study also compared brains of people with and without mental health disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses showed signs of faster biological aging, meaning their brains looked older at the gene level. This could explain why people with conditions like schizophrenia might be more prone to brain aging and related diseases.

The word investigated in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

1. As people grow older, their brains also go through aging. Every cell in the brain changes, including how genes behave. The brain is made up of many different types of cells, each with special roles and connections. Scientists have discovered that gene activity changes differently in various brain cells as we age. One particular type of neuron is affected the most. These discoveries could lead to ways to slow down brain aging and delay diseases like Alzheimer’s.

2. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry studied gene activity in brain cells using tissue samples from 90 people aged 25 to 85 who donated their brains after death. Their research focused on the prefrontal cortex, an important area for thinking, planning, and problem-solving.

3. They investigated the activity of genes in individual cells using a method known as single nucleus RNA sequencing. They found that gene expression changes during aging in all types of brain cells, but the specific genes involved differ. Genes that help neurons communicate and produce proteins show changes as people get older.

4. Since age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, the researchers compared gene changes during normal aging with those in Alzheimer’s patients. They found many similarities, suggesting that normal aging changes might become harmful if they go beyond a certain point. One type of inhibitory neuron seems particularly affected by both aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

5. The study also compared brains of people with and without mental health disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses showed signs of faster biological aging, meaning their brains looked older at the gene level. This could explain why people with conditions like schizophrenia might be more prone to brain aging and related diseases.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature of genes in the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

1. As people grow older, their brains also go through aging. Every cell in the brain changes, including how genes behave. The brain is made up of many different types of cells, each with special roles and connections. Scientists have discovered that gene activity changes differently in various brain cells as we age. One particular type of neuron is affected the most. These discoveries could lead to ways to slow down brain aging and delay diseases like Alzheimer’s.

2. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry studied gene activity in brain cells using tissue samples from 90 people aged 25 to 85 who donated their brains after death. Their research focused on the prefrontal cortex, an important area for thinking, planning, and problem-solving.

3. They investigated the activity of genes in individual cells using a method known as single nucleus RNA sequencing. They found that gene expression changes during aging in all types of brain cells, but the specific genes involved differ. Genes that help neurons communicate and produce proteins show changes as people get older.

4. Since age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, the researchers compared gene changes during normal aging with those in Alzheimer’s patients. They found many similarities, suggesting that normal aging changes might become harmful if they go beyond a certain point. One type of inhibitory neuron seems particularly affected by both aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

5. The study also compared brains of people with and without mental health disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses showed signs of faster biological aging, meaning their brains looked older at the gene level. This could explain why people with conditions like schizophrenia might be more prone to brain aging and related diseases.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

1. As people grow older, their brains also go through aging. Every cell in the brain changes, including how genes behave. The brain is made up of many different types of cells, each with special roles and connections. Scientists have discovered that gene activity changes differently in various brain cells as we age. One particular type of neuron is affected the most. These discoveries could lead to ways to slow down brain aging and delay diseases like Alzheimer’s.

2. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry studied gene activity in brain cells using tissue samples from 90 people aged 25 to 85 who donated their brains after death. Their research focused on the prefrontal cortex, an important area for thinking, planning, and problem-solving.

3. They investigated the activity of genes in individual cells using a method known as single nucleus RNA sequencing. They found that gene expression changes during aging in all types of brain cells, but the specific genes involved differ. Genes that help neurons communicate and produce proteins show changes as people get older.

4. Since age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, the researchers compared gene changes during normal aging with those in Alzheimer’s patients. They found many similarities, suggesting that normal aging changes might become harmful if they go beyond a certain point. One type of inhibitory neuron seems particularly affected by both aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

5. The study also compared brains of people with and without mental health disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses showed signs of faster biological aging, meaning their brains looked older at the gene level. This could explain why people with conditions like schizophrenia might be more prone to brain aging and related diseases.

The phrase prone to in paragraph 5 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

1. As people grow older, their brains also go through aging. Every cell in the brain changes, including how genes behave. The brain is made up of many different types of cells, each with special roles and connections. Scientists have discovered that gene activity changes differently in various brain cells as we age. One particular type of neuron is affected the most. These discoveries could lead to ways to slow down brain aging and delay diseases like Alzheimer’s.

2. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry studied gene activity in brain cells using tissue samples from 90 people aged 25 to 85 who donated their brains after death. Their research focused on the prefrontal cortex, an important area for thinking, planning, and problem-solving.

3. They investigated the activity of genes in individual cells using a method known as single nucleus RNA sequencing. They found that gene expression changes during aging in all types of brain cells, but the specific genes involved differ. Genes that help neurons communicate and produce proteins show changes as people get older.

4. Since age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, the researchers compared gene changes during normal aging with those in Alzheimer’s patients. They found many similarities, suggesting that normal aging changes might become harmful if they go beyond a certain point. One type of inhibitory neuron seems particularly affected by both aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

5. The study also compared brains of people with and without mental health disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses showed signs of faster biological aging, meaning their brains looked older at the gene level. This could explain why people with conditions like schizophrenia might be more prone to brain aging and related diseases.

In which paragraph does the author mention the method used to study genes?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

1. As people grow older, their brains also go through aging. Every cell in the brain changes, including how genes behave. The brain is made up of many different types of cells, each with special roles and connections. Scientists have discovered that gene activity changes differently in various brain cells as we age. One particular type of neuron is affected the most. These discoveries could lead to ways to slow down brain aging and delay diseases like Alzheimer’s.

2. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry studied gene activity in brain cells using tissue samples from 90 people aged 25 to 85 who donated their brains after death. Their research focused on the prefrontal cortex, an important area for thinking, planning, and problem-solving.

3. They investigated the activity of genes in individual cells using a method known as single nucleus RNA sequencing. They found that gene expression changes during aging in all types of brain cells, but the specific genes involved differ. Genes that help neurons communicate and produce proteins show changes as people get older.

4. Since age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, the researchers compared gene changes during normal aging with those in Alzheimer’s patients. They found many similarities, suggesting that normal aging changes might become harmful if they go beyond a certain point. One type of inhibitory neuron seems particularly affected by both aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

5. The study also compared brains of people with and without mental health disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses showed signs of faster biological aging, meaning their brains looked older at the gene level. This could explain why people with conditions like schizophrenia might be more prone to brain aging and related diseases.

In which paragraph does the author mention a specific mental health condition that affects gene aging?