Câu hỏi:

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

El Niño is a climate phenomenon (1) _______ when they observed unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean. Today, scientists study El Niño to understand its effects on global weather and temperatures.El Niño is a climate phenomenon (1) _______ when they observed unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean. Today, scientists study El Niño to understand its effects on global weather and temperatures.

El Niño is most noticeable during the winter months, which usually continue for around a year. (2) _______. In June 2023, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) formally declared the onset of El Niño, which is predicted to last until 2024.El Niño is most noticeable during the winter months, which usually continue for around a year. (2) _______. In June 2023, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) formally declared the onset of El Niño, which is predicted to last until 2024.

Kieran Hunt, a climate scientist, explains that El Niño is a time (3) _______. It is part of a bigger climate system called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).Kieran Hunt, a climate scientist, explains that El Niño is a time (3) _______. It is part of a bigger climate system called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

2023 was the hottest year on record, with extreme temperatures (4) _______. As the Earth continues to warm, hotter weather is expected to become more frequent and intense. (5) _______. Forecasters predict that by late spring or early summer, La Niña conditions may return, changing the climate pattern again.2023 was the hottest year on record, with extreme temperatures (4) _______. As the Earth continues to warm, hotter weather is expected to become more frequent and intense. (5) _______. Forecasters predict that by late spring or early summer, La Niña conditions may return, changing the climate pattern again.

Choose the best answer for question 3:

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

El Niño is a climate phenomenon (1) _______ when they observed unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean. Today, scientists study El Niño to understand its effects on global weather and temperatures.El Niño is a climate phenomenon (1) _______ when they observed unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean. Today, scientists study El Niño to understand its effects on global weather and temperatures.

El Niño is most noticeable during the winter months, which usually continue for around a year. (2) _______. In June 2023, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) formally declared the onset of El Niño, which is predicted to last until 2024.El Niño is most noticeable during the winter months, which usually continue for around a year. (2) _______. In June 2023, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) formally declared the onset of El Niño, which is predicted to last until 2024.

Kieran Hunt, a climate scientist, explains that El Niño is a time (3) _______. It is part of a bigger climate system called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).Kieran Hunt, a climate scientist, explains that El Niño is a time (3) _______. It is part of a bigger climate system called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

2023 was the hottest year on record, with extreme temperatures (4) _______. As the Earth continues to warm, hotter weather is expected to become more frequent and intense. (5) _______. Forecasters predict that by late spring or early summer, La Niña conditions may return, changing the climate pattern again.2023 was the hottest year on record, with extreme temperatures (4) _______. As the Earth continues to warm, hotter weather is expected to become more frequent and intense. (5) _______. Forecasters predict that by late spring or early summer, La Niña conditions may return, changing the climate pattern again.

Choose the best answer for question 4:

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

El Niño is a climate phenomenon (1) _______ when they observed unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean. Today, scientists study El Niño to understand its effects on global weather and temperatures.El Niño is a climate phenomenon (1) _______ when they observed unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean. Today, scientists study El Niño to understand its effects on global weather and temperatures.

El Niño is most noticeable during the winter months, which usually continue for around a year. (2) _______. In June 2023, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) formally declared the onset of El Niño, which is predicted to last until 2024.El Niño is most noticeable during the winter months, which usually continue for around a year. (2) _______. In June 2023, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) formally declared the onset of El Niño, which is predicted to last until 2024.

Kieran Hunt, a climate scientist, explains that El Niño is a time (3) _______. It is part of a bigger climate system called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).Kieran Hunt, a climate scientist, explains that El Niño is a time (3) _______. It is part of a bigger climate system called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

2023 was the hottest year on record, with extreme temperatures (4) _______. As the Earth continues to warm, hotter weather is expected to become more frequent and intense. (5) _______. Forecasters predict that by late spring or early summer, La Niña conditions may return, changing the climate pattern again.2023 was the hottest year on record, with extreme temperatures (4) _______. As the Earth continues to warm, hotter weather is expected to become more frequent and intense. (5) _______. Forecasters predict that by late spring or early summer, La Niña conditions may return, changing the climate pattern again.

Choose the best answer for question 5:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

Ice Sheets Today

What Are Ice Sheets?

- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.

- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).

- Formost of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.- For most of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.

Why Are Ice Sheets Melting?

- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.

- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.

- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.

Melting Seasons

- Greenland Ice Sheet: April 1 to November 1.

- Antarctic Ice Sheet: November 1 to April 1.

Choose the best answer for question 6:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

Ice Sheets Today

What Are Ice Sheets?

- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.

- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).

- Formost of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.- For most of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.

Why Are Ice Sheets Melting?

- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.

- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.

- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.

Melting Seasons

- Greenland Ice Sheet: April 1 to November 1.

- Antarctic Ice Sheet: November 1 to April 1.

Choose the best answer for question 7:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

Ice Sheets Today

What Are Ice Sheets?

- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.

- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).

- Formost of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.- For most of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.

Why Are Ice Sheets Melting?

- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.

- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.

- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.

Melting Seasons

- Greenland Ice Sheet: April 1 to November 1.

- Antarctic Ice Sheet: November 1 to April 1.

Choose the best answer for question 8:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

Ice Sheets Today

What Are Ice Sheets?

- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.

- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).

- Formost of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.- For most of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.

Why Are Ice Sheets Melting?

- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.

- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.

- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.

Melting Seasons

- Greenland Ice Sheet: April 1 to November 1.

- Antarctic Ice Sheet: November 1 to April 1.

Choose the best answer for question 9:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

Ice Sheets Today

What Are Ice Sheets?

- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.

- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).

- Formost of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.- For most of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.

Why Are Ice Sheets Melting?

- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.

- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.

- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.

Melting Seasons

- Greenland Ice Sheet: April 1 to November 1.

- Antarctic Ice Sheet: November 1 to April 1.

Choose the best answer for question 10:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

Ice Sheets Today

What Are Ice Sheets?

- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.- The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (6) _______ more than 99% of Earth's freshwater ice.

- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).- (7) _______ both ice sheets completely melt, sea levels could rise by 67.4 metres (223 feet).

- Formost of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.- For most of the 20th century, the ice sheets were stable, contributing very little to sea level rise. However, their stability (8) _______ in recent years.

Why Are Ice Sheets Melting?

- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.- Surface melting is caused by changes in weather and the (9) _______ of solar energy absorbed by the ice.

- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.- (10) _______ such as air temperature, snow quality, and surface dust (like soot and ash) increase solar absorption and cause more melting.

- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.- This melting is an important (11) _______ of climate change and affects the health of the ice sheets.

Melting Seasons

- Greenland Ice Sheet: April 1 to November 1.

- Antarctic Ice Sheet: November 1 to April 1.

Choose the best answer for question 11:

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

1. As we look ahead, cities will need to keep changing to meet new environmental and social challenges.

2. Experts predict that future cities will be smarter and more connected. The use of sensors and automation will help manage resources and improve transportation. For example, autonomous vehicles could change how people move around, reducing traffic and making streets safer.

3. Cities will also become more sustainable, using renewable energy, green infrastructure, and efficient technologies. Buildings might be built using 3D printing, which would make construction more eco-friendly and affordable.

4. The role of governments, businesses, and individuals will be key in shaping these future cities. Governments can encourage smart, sustainable development through tax breaks and regulations. Businesses can help by creating and using new sustainable technologies, like investing in energy-efficient systems or renewable infrastructure. Individuals can also contribute by adopting sustainable habits, such as using public transportation or reducing their energy use.

5. Looking to the future, the city of tomorrow will be sustainable, smart, and fair, able to handle growing populations while protecting the environment. By focusing on sustainable and smart urban development, we can build cities that are strong and adaptable. This vision is possible, but it will take everyone working together. Some cities are already making progress. For example, Stockholm aims to be fossil fuel-free by 2040, and Copenhagen plans to be carbon-neutral by 2025 by changing transportation and increasing renewable energy use.

The word efficient in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________