Trong quy luật di truyền phân li độc lập, với các gene trội lặn hoàn toàn. Nếu P thuần chủng khác nhau bởi 3 cặp tính trạng tương phản thì số loại kiểu gene khác nhau ở F₂ là bao nhiêu?

Read the following passage about Traveling and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

          Traveling and exploring new places is an exciting way to experience different cultures and expand one’s horizons. Whether it’s a short trip to a neighbouring town or a long journey to a foreign country, stepping out into the world offers numerous benefits. It allows individuals to gain new perspectives, meet diverse people, and create lasting memories. Additionally, traveling can enhance personal growth and provide a sense of adventure and fulfillment.

          One of the key advantages of traveling is the opportunity to learn about different cultures. By immersing oneself in a new environment, travellers can gain a deeper understanding of local customs, traditions, and lifestyles. This cultural exchange fosters mutual respect and appreciation among people from different backgrounds. Moreover, experiencing different cultures can challenge preconceptions and broaden one’s worldview.

          Traveling also promotes personal development. Facing unfamiliar situations and overcoming challenges can boost confidence and adaptability. Travelers often find themselves  navigating new cities, trying unfamiliar foods, and communicating in foreign languages. These experiences can enhance problem-solving skills and resilience. Furthermore, the sense of accomplishment from successfully managing a trip can lead to increased self-esteem and a greater sense of independence.

          Another benefit of traveling is the chance to disconnect from the routine of everyday life. Exploring new places provides a break from the usual responsibilities and stresses. This can be refreshing and rejuvenating, allowing individuals to return home with a renewed sense of energy and perspective. Travel can also foster creativity by exposing individuals to new sights, sounds, and ideas.

          Despite its benefits, traveling can also present challenges. Planning a trip requires time and effort, and unexpected situations can arise. However, these challenges can be viewed as opportunities for growth and learning. With careful planning and a positive mindset, the rewards of traveling far outweigh the difficulties.

In which paragraph does the writer mention the role of cultural exchange in fostering mutual respect?

Data privacy means ensuring that our personal information is kept safe and used responsibly by others. In today’s digital world, where information spreads easily, it’s more important than ever to protect our personal data. This highlights the importance of privacy laws.

Laws about data privacy vary globally. For example, in Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants individuals rights such as accessing their data, asking for it to be deleted, and knowing how it’s used. Similarly, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) provides specific rights about personal information to people in California. Knowing these laws helps people understand their rights and what companies must do to keep their data safe. When using websites or apps, it’s essential to read their privacy policies. Emily Davis, a cybersecurity expert, stresses, “Reading and understanding privacy policies allows individuals to make informed decisions about sharing their personal information.”.

To boost your online safety, experts suggest using strong, unique passwords for each account and not reusing them. Enabling two-factor authentication when possible adds an extra layer of security. Equally important, be careful with emails, texts, or calls asking for personal information or money. Scammers often pretend to be real organizations. Always check before giving out personal details or clicking on links from unknown sources. Keep your devices updated with the latest software and security patches to protect against cyber threats. Using trusted antivirus software can also lower the risk of attacks. Privacy advocate Michelle Carter advises, “Being mindful of data sharing and regularly reviewing app permissions helps minimize unnecessary exposure of personal information.”.

Understanding your rights and taking steps to protect your personal information online are essential in today’s interconnected world. By learning about privacy laws, being careful about sharing information, and using strong security measures, you can control your digital presence and keep your privacy safe. Remember, protecting personal data is something we all need to do together to create a safer and more respectful online environment.

Which of the following best paraphrases this sentence: “Reading and understanding privacy policies allows individuals to make informed decisions about sharing their personal information.”?

Trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa, các nước đang phát triển đã nhanh chóng nắm bắt được cơ hội nào nhằm thúc đẩy sự phát triển kinh tế - xã hội?

Phát biểu nào sau đây không đúng với vai trò của các công ty xuyên quốc gia?

Cho $\displaystyle \int f(x) \mathrm{d}x=x^2-3x+C.$ Khi đó $\displaystyle \int f\big(\mathrm{e}^{-x}\big) \mathrm{d}x$ bằng

Hãy cho biết: Công dụng thông báo về tình trạng hoạt động của máy móc của mạch điều khiển tín hiệu là gì?

Các nước có chỉ số HDI từ 0,800 trở lên được xếp vào nhóm nào dưới đây?

"Nam, nữ đều bình đẳng về tiêu chuẩn chuyên môn, độ tuổi khi được đề bạt, bổ nhiệm vào cùng vị trí quản lí, lãnh đạo của cơ quan, tổ chức". Đó là quy định pháp luật về bình đẳng giới trên lĩnh vực nào?

Hoạt động tiêu dùng có vai trò như thế nào đối với sản xuất, phân phối - trao đổi?

Read the following passage about urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Sperm whales are fascinating creatures. [II] They possess the biggest brain of any species, six times larger than a human’s, which scientists believe may have evolved to support intelligent, rational behavior. [III] They’re also highly social and capable of making decisions as a group. [IV] But there’s also a lot we don’t know about them, including what they may be saying to one another when communicating with a system of short clicks, known as codas.

Now, new research published in Nature Communications today suggests that sperm whales’ communication is actually much more expressive and complicated than was previously thought. A team of researchers led by Pratyusha Sharma at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) working with Project CETI, a nonprofit focused on using AI to understand whales, used statistical models to analyze whale codas and managed to identify a structure to their language that’s similar to features of human language. Their findings represent a tool future researchers could use to decipher not just the structure but the actual meaning of whale sounds.

For the study, the researchers examined recordings of 8,719 codas from around 60 whales collected by the Dominica Sperm Whale Project between 2005 and 2018, using a mix of AI algorithms for pattern recognition and classification. The AI then turned the clicks within the coda data into a new kind of data visualization called an exchange plot, revealing that some codas featured extra clicks. These extra clicks, combined with variations in the duration of their calls, appeared in interactions between multiple whales, which they say suggests that codas can carry more information and possess a more complicated internal structure than we had previously believed.

The team’s next step is to build language models of whale calls and to examine how those calls relate to different behaviors. They also plan to work on a more universal system that could be used across species, says Sharma. Taking a communication system we know nothing about, working out how it encodes and transmits information, and slowly beginning to understand what’s being communicated could have many purposes beyond whales. “I think we’re just starting to understand some of these things,” she says. “We’re very much at the beginning, but we are slowly making our way through.”

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

Tại một điểm xác định trong điện trường tĩnh, nếu độ lớn của điện tích thử tăng 3 lần thì độ lớn cường độ điện trường