Ở một loài động vật, cặp nhiễm sắc thể giới tính ở giới cái là XX, ở giới đực là XY. Thực hiện phép lai giữa 2 cá thể thuần chủng tương phản về các cặp gene (P) thu được F₁ gồm 50% con cái mắt đỏ, cánh dài : 50% con đực mắt đỏ, cánh ngắn. Cho con cái F₁ lai phân tích, thu được thế hệ lai (F_a) có 30% con mắt trắng, cánh ngắn : 45% con mắt trắng, cánh dài : 5% con mắt đỏ, cánh dài : 20% con mắt đỏ, cánh ngắn. Biết rằng chiều dài cánh do một gene quy định, tính trạng cánh dài trội hoàn toàn so với tính trạng cánh ngắn và không xảy ra đột biến. Nếu cho các cá thể F₁ giao phối ngẫu nhiên thì thu được đời con có tỉ lệ con cái mắt đỏ, cánh ngắn là bao nhiêu?

Read the passage and do the tasks below. Decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG).

Most people relate stress to physical symptoms like an upset stomach or headaches. Research has suggested that negative emotions and thoughts may also have close links to our brain. Researchers have started finding out why we tend to remember negative things more strongly and, in more detail, than good ones. “The hrain handles positive and negative information in different parts. Negative emotions involve more thinking, and the information is processed more thoroughly. Thus, we tend to ruminate more about unpleasant events and use stronger words to describe them than happy ones," said Clifford Nass, a professor at Stanford University.

Rick Hanson also shares the idea that our minds naturally focus on the bad and discard the good. He stated, "negative stimuli produce more neural activity than do equally intense positive ones. They are also perceived more easily and quickly." This was obtained from his little experiment in which twenty people were asked to look at pictures showing anger or happiness. The participants could identify angry faces faster than happy ones even if it was so quickly.

In a journal article Baumeister co-authored in 2001, "Bad is Stronger Than Good", he concluded, "bad emotions, bad parents and bad feedback have more impact than good ones." This is "a basic and wide-ranging principle of psychology". Thus, Baumeister and his colleagues noted that bad incidents, such as losing your dreamy job and breaking up with your girlfriend or boyfriend, may have a greater impact than landing a job or receiving a marriage proposal.

All information is processed in the same part of the brain. ___

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 7 to 14.

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real- time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage.

GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project.

Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable.

The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

(Adapted from https://www.consumersearch.com)

The word it in paragraph 3 refers to _______.

Một vật dao động điều hòa theo phương trình \(x = A\cos \left( {\omega t + \varphi } \right)\)cm có biểu thức động năng là

\({W_d} = 10 - 10\cos \left( {20\pi t - \frac{{2\pi }}{3}} \right)mJ\). Pha tại thời điểm t = 0 là:

Đâu là hình ảnh giá thể là vỏ cây thông?

Số mắt xích trong đoạn tơ nylon-6,6 có khối lượng 15 gam là

Read the passage carefully. Choose an option (A, B, C or D) that best answers each question from 23 to 30.

1. How do children learn about wildlife? And is what they learn the sort of thing they should be learning? It is my belief that children should not just be acquiring knowledge of animals but also developing attitudes and feelings towards them based on exposure to the real lives of animals in their natural habitats. But is this happening?

2. Some research in this area indicates that it is not. Learning about animals in school is often completely disconnected from the real lives of real animals, with the result that children often end up with little or no understanding or lasting knowledge of them. They learn factual information about animals, aimed at enabling them to identify them and have various abstract ideas about them, but that is the extent of their learning. Children's storybooks tend to personify animals as characters rather than teach about them.

3. For direct contact with wild and international animals, the only opportunity most children have is visiting a zoo. The educational benefit of this for children is often given as the main reason for doing it but research has shown that zoo visits seldom add to children's knowledge of animals – the animals are simply like exhibits in a museum that the children look at without engaging with them as living creatures. Children who belong to wildlife or environmental organizations or who watch wildlife TV programmes, however, show significantly higher knowledge than any other group of children studied in research. The studies show that if children learn about animals in their natural habitats, particularly through wildlife-based activities, they know more about them than they do as a result of visiting zoos or learning about them in the classroom.

4. Research has also been done into the attitudes of children towards animals. It shows that in general terms, children form strong attachments to individual animals, usually their pets, but do not have strong feelings for animals in general. This attitude is the norm regardless of the amount or kind of learning about animals they have at school. However, those children who watch television wildlife programs show an interest in and affection for wildlife in its natural environment, and their regard for animals in general is higher.

What does the author believe children should learn about wildlife?

Vai trò của vật nuôi trong việc bảo vệ sức khỏe con người và môi trường là

Trong một vụ va chạm hoàn toàn đàn hồi, động lượng và năng lượng

Trong thí nghiệm quan sát cấu tạo tế bào khí khổng, chúng ta cần đặt lớp biểu bì lá thài lài tía lên lam kính và nhỏ lên đó loại hóa chất nào dưới đây?

Công nghệ phù hợp nhất để tạo ra nắp máy như hình bên là

Khi làm muối từ nước biển, người dân làm muối (diêm dân) ở Ninh Thuận thường dẫn nước biển vào các ruộng muối. Nước biển bay hơi, người ta thu được muối. Theo em, thời tiết ở Ninh Thuận như thế nào để thuận lợi cho nghề làm muối nhất? 

Đặc điểm nào sau đây không có ở sinh trưởng sơ cấp?

Đầu thế kỉ XX, ở châu Âu đã hình thành hai khối quân sự đối đầu nhau, đó là

Mọi công dân phải như thế nào đối với Hiến pháp?

Nguyên tử nguyên tố X có tổng số hạt cơ bản là 40. Trong đó, số hạt mang điện nhiều hơn số hạt không mang điện là 12 hạt. Số proton trong nguyên tử nguyên tố X là