Đường lối đối ngoại của nước Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam được quy định ở đâu?

Câu nào sau đây là một mệnh đề đúng?

Trong không gian $Oxyz$, cho mặt cầu $\left( S \right):{{x}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}+{{z}^{2}}+2x-2z-7=0$. Bán kính của mặt cầu đã cho là

Read the following passage about How Failures Led to Breakthroughs and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Many important discoveries happened because of mistakes and unexpected accidents. Alexander Fleming found penicillin when he left his laboratory messy before going on holiday. After vacation, he saw mold growing on his experiment plate. Fleming noticed this mold killed bacteria around it very effectively. This fortunate accident later saved millions of lives around the world. Scientists call finding valuable things by chance "serendipity," which happens often in research.

The Post-it Note began as a mistake that seemed useless at first. In 1968, Spencer Silver tried making a strong glue for 3M company but created a weak one instead that didn't stick permanently. Nobody knew what to do with this disappointing result for several years. Then his colleague Arthur Fry realized this "failure" could make perfect bookmarks that wouldn't damage pages when removed. This weak adhesive eventually became one of the most popular office products worldwide, changing how people work.

In cooking, many favorite foods came from kitchen errors and quick substitutions. Ruth Wakefield invented chocolate chip cookies when she ran out of baker's chocolate and used broken pieces of semi-sweet chocolate instead. She thought they would melt completely in the dough, but they kept their shape during baking. Potato chips were created when chef George Crum made extremely thin potatoes to annoy a customer who repeatedly complained about thick fries. Surprisingly, the customer loved them and ordered more!

These fascinating stories teach us that mistakes can lead to new opportunities and unexpected innovations. Thomas Edison said about his many failed light bulb attempts, "I haven't failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that don't work." This positive attitude shows we should see errors as valuable learning chances. Smart people don't fear making mistakes in their work; they fear missing opportunities to learn from them and discover something amazing.

The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

Read the following passage about the Science in Service of Humanity and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Science has come out of its shell in laboratories to become a powerful force for human advancement. Modern scientific endeavors increasingly focus on addressing real-world challenges affecting communities globally. From developing vaccines that save millions to creating technologies connecting people across continents, science serves humanity in countless ways. This shift represents a fundamental evolution in how we perceive scientific progress—not merely academic pursuit but a practical tool for improving lives and solving pressing problems.

[I] Medical breakthroughs exemplify how science directly benefits humanity. [II] For instance, gene therapy offers hope for those with inherited conditions, while artificial intelligence helps diagnose diseases earlier and more accurately. [III] These advancements didn't happen overnight; scientists had to burn the midnight oil for years before achieving success. [IV] Their perseverance demonstrates that when science targets humanitarian goals, results can transform society profoundly.

Environmental science has emerged as another crucial domain where laboratory work translates into human welfare. Climate scientists provide data informing policy decisions affecting billions. Conservation biologists develop strategies to protect biodiversity, ensuring future generations benefit from natural resources. Agricultural researchers create drought-resistant crops helping communities withstand changing climate conditions. Despite these contributions, environmental science faces challenges including funding limitations, political resistance, and urgency of addressing accelerating climate change. Nevertheless, dedicated scientists continue their work, recognizing environmental health directly impacts human wellbeing.

The future of science in service of humanity looks increasingly collaborative and inclusive. Modern approaches incorporate diverse perspectives, including indigenous knowledge and community participation. Citizen science projects engage non-professionals in data collection, democratizing the scientific process. Open-access publishing makes research findings available to anyone with internet access, not just wealthy institutions. These developments suggest science's greatest potential lies in becoming more accessible and responsive to human needs. As we face complex global challenges, from pandemics to climate change, science serving humanity offers our best hope for a sustainable future.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Phát biểu nào đúng khi nói về trao đổi khí qua hệ thống ống khí?

Các ngành nghề nào dưới đây thuộc nhóm ngành sinh học cơ bản?

Cấu tạo ngoài nào sau đây của lá thích nghi với chức năng hấp thụ được nhiều ánh sáng?

Wilbur và Orville Wright được biết đến với phát minh nào sau đây vào năm 1903?

Thuật ngữ nào dùng để chỉ ra các thiết bị vào ra của hệ thống máy tính?

Tọa độ giao điểm của \(\left( P \right)\,:\,y = {x^2} - 4x\) với đường thẳng \(d\,:\,y = - x - 2\) là?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Who are you?

On 6 June 2011, the media reported the kidnapping of a female Syrian-American blogger called Amina Arraf. Regarded as a daring political rebel, the 35-year-old had gained popularity for her blogs protesting the lack of freedom in Syria. Yet, only two days later, it was discovered that Amina had never existed. She was a fictional character created by Tom MacMaster, a forty-year-old American PhD student at the University of Edinburgh.

MacMaster's invention is an example of sock puppetry: the use of false identities to deceive others. (I). The false identity is known as a sock puppet, and its creator, a puppet master. (II). MacMaster created Amina to express his views on Middle Eastern affairs without offending other Americans. (III). Writing as Amina gave him the authority to say what he wanted. (IV).  

At the turn of the millennium, Debbie Swenson created Kaycee Nicole, a fictional teenage girl suffering from terminal cancer. Her blog, Living Colours, described Kaycee’s struggle, attracting millions of readers. When Kaycee 'died' on 14 May 2001, her fans were devastated. Their distress turned to anger when they discovered that Kaycee was not real. Swenson had developed the character to gain attention and sympathy.

While Amina and Kaycee were used to meet their creators' needs, other identities have been invented for profit. American gun advocate John Lott made up a fake student, Mary Rosh, to defend his writing online and give him positive reviews. Mystery writer RJ Ellory fabricated a team of sock puppets to praise his own books and tear into those of his rivals. British historian Orlando Figes lost credibility when he had to publicly apologise for doing the same.

Yet none of these stories compare to large-scale sock puppetry today. The New York City Police Department has false identities on social media to catch criminals. The US military is believed to use sock puppets to track potential terrorists. It is clear that the internet is a minefield today and we all have to step very carefully in order not to get hurt.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Thị trường là lĩnh vực trao đổi, mua bán mà ở đó các chủ thể kinh tế tác động qua lại lẫn nhau để xác định giá cả và số lượng hàng hoá, dịch vụ là nội dung khái niệm thị trường theo nghĩa nào sau đây?

Thanh truyền có:

Hai bản kim loại phẳng nằm ngang song song cách nhau 10cm có hiệu điện thế giữa hai bản là 91V. Tại thời điểm t = 0, một electrôn có vận tốc ban đầu 3,2.10⁶ m/s bắt đầu chuyển động từ bản tích điện dương dọc theo đường sức về bản tích điện âm. Biết điện trường giữa hai bản là điện trường đều và bỏ qua tác dụng của trọng lực. Tính đoạn đường  electrôn đi được cho đến thời điểm t=25ns theo đơn vị mm.

Cuộc khởi nghĩa chống Pháp tiêu biểu ở Campuchia đầu thế kỉ XX mà chính quyền thực dân đã tiến hành đàn áp đẫm máu với hơn 400 người chết là