Cho một ống nghiệm chứa đầy khí NO₂, đậy nút kín, ở nhiệt độ phòng (khoảng 25°C). Biết NO₂ có thể chuyển hoá thành N₂O₄ và ngược lại N₂O₄ có thể chuyển lại thành NO₂ theo phản ứng thuận nghịch sau:

2NO₂(g, màu nâu đỏ) ⇌ N₂O₄(g, không màu) ${\Delta }_r{H}_{298}^o=-58kJ.$

Nhận định nào sau đây đúng?

Read the following passage about the future of energy and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

     [I] As the world grapples with the finite nature of fossil fuel reserves and the detrimental impact of climate change, the future of energy undeniably lies in renewable sources. [II] Scientists and engineers are making substantial advancements in the development of technologies that more efficiently harness solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy. [III] Although the transition to these renewable sources presents significant challenges, it is also regarded as a pivotal step towards establishing a sustainable and resilient energy system. [IV]

     One of the most promising advancements in renewable energy is the enhancement of solar panel efficiency. Progress in photovoltaic technology has led to the creation of panels that convert a higher proportion of sunlight into electricity. Likewise, wind turbines are becoming more and more efficient. They are capable of generating power even under low-wind conditions. These innovations are essential for making renewable energy more feasible and accessible to a broader population.

     However, the transition to renewable energy is fraught with obstacles. The intermittent nature of sources like solar and wind necessitates reliable storage solutions to ensure a consistent power supply. Although battery technology has seen significant improvements, further advancements are imperative to meet growing demand. Moreover, new infrastructure for distributing renewable energy requires expansion and upgrading to accommodate these new power sources.

     The economic impact of transitioning to renewable energy is another critical consideration. While the initial investment in renewable energy infrastructure can be substantial, the long-term benefits include reduced energy costs and job creation in the green energy sector. Governments and private enterprises are increasingly acknowledging the necessity of investing in renewable energy projects, which is crucial for fostering innovation and diminishing reliance on fossil fuels.

     Ultimately, the future of energy hinges on our capacity to innovate and adapt. By continuing to invest in research and development, improving infrastructure, and addressing economic and technical challenges, we can transition towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy system.

The phrase harness in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _______.

Khi tham gia bầu cử, công dân được thực hiện hành động nào dưới đây?

Đường cong trong hình vẽ là đồ thị của hàm số nào?

Chọn ý đúng: Các công việc trong lĩnh vực xây dựng?

Bước sóng ánh sáng có hiệu quả cao nhất đối với quang hợp là gì?

Khoảng cách từ Trái Đất đến Mặt Trăng là \(3,8 \cdot {10^8}\;{\rm{m}}.\) Lấy \(c = 3,0 \cdot {10^8}\;{\rm{m}}/{\rm{s}}.\) Sóng điện từ truyền từ Trái Đất đến Mặt Trăng mất bao nhiêu giây (viết kết quả đến một chữ số sau dấu phẩy thập phân)?

Lớp 10A có 45 học sinh trong đó có 23 em thích môn Văn, 20 em thích môn Toán, 12 em không thích môn nào. Số em thích cả hai môn trên là : 

Khi thiếu hoặc thừa nguyên tố khoáng, thực vật có biểu hiện là như thế nào?

Một học sinh sử dụng công cụ trích xuất mã màu của một điểm ảnh. Mục Colors gồm hai phần: Bên trái, cho phép chọn một màu trong bảng màu. Bên phải, cột màu điều chỉnh sắc độ (giá trị cường độ) của màu đang chọn. Phía dưới mục Colors là các giá trị màu theo vị trí được lựa chọn.

Dưới đây là một số nhận xét về mã màu trích xuất được từ công cụ.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

In the distance, an enormous, menacing-looking tornado can be seen. Luckily, the area has been evacuated and there is no one to be seen. Then, out of the blue, a few kilometres away a van appears and races down the road straight towards the tornado. Both in their twenties, Joe Hammond and his wife Emma are heading for it. Their purpose is to monitor various characteristics of a tornado, such as its speed, direction, and temperature. The storm chasers are planning to plant themselves directly in the path of the tornado to amass as much information as they can.

Joe and Emma are dedicated storm chasers. They began to chase storms as university students, and in recent years they have been travelling vast distances around the USA in their efforts to locate tornadoes. Bizarre as it may sound, they are not the only people to do it. During the tornado season, hundreds of people cross Tornado Alley, an area between South Dakota and Texas. Their vehicles are almost unrecognisable, as they are concealed underneath an assortment of electronic equipment and contain all manner of communication devices.

When asked why people are so fascinated by tornadoes, Joe said some tornado chasers relish the challenge, while others might just love the exhilaration of being in a treacherous situation. Some experienced chasers have even turned their hobby into a business and set up travel agencies offering tourists trips which guarantee a ringside view of the twisters. It seems, however, that people like Joe and Emma also make a pivotal contribution to the study of tornadoes.

The fact is, although there are about a thousand tornadoes in the USA each year, meteorologists still do not fully comprehend why they happen. This is partly because the research done by radars in laboratories is not as efficacious as mobile equipment deployed directly at the scene. Thus, some research meteorologists even go storm chasing themselves. It seems that the thrill, combined with a desire to understand nature, is the reason why people like Joe and Emma chase tornadoes.

(Adapted from Venture into First for Schools)

According to paragraph 1, Joe and Emma ______.

Công thức định luật I của nhiệt động lực học là \(\text{ }\!\!\Delta\!\!\text{ }U=A+Q\), với \(A\) là kí hiệu công và \(Q\) là kí hiệu

Theo quy định pháp luật, công dân có thể thực hiện quyền khiếu nại của mình khi nhận: