Phương án nào sau đây thuộc công nghệ luyện kim đen?

“Trăng thật. Hôm nay đầu tháng. Từ đầu hôm, tôi vẫn đi giữa đêm trăng mà không biết. Cô gái vẫn bình thản ngồi nhìn ra ngoài trời. Tôi quệt diêm châm một điếu thuốc rồi tăng số cho xe phóng nhanh hơn, trong lòng vẫn không hết ngượng. Già đời trong nghề lái xe, bom đạn nguy hiểm gặp đã nhiều, tôi vốn không phải anh nhút nhát, vậy mà không biết sao đêm nay nhìn trăng ra pháo sáng? Qua tấm kính ướt hơi sương, mảnh trăng nằm giữa những tầng mây hiện ra tái ngắt, ánh sáng lòe nhòe, mỗi lúc xe nẩy lên hay vòng qua chỗ lượn, mảnh trăng lại chập chờn lay động, có lúc thấy rơi tõm xuống khoảng tối mịt mù của cánh rừng già như một trò chơi ú tim.

Khoảng gần khuya, trên các chỏm rừng, gió Tây Nam cuốn mây xám về một góc rồi thổi dạt đi. Gió thổi vào cành lá ngụy trang trên nóc xe ràn rạt. Trên đầu chúng tôi, khoảng trời đêm trên cao trở nên trong vắt, cao lồng lộng, trong khoảng sâu thẳm nổi lên một tiếng chim mơ hồ. Nhưng ở lưng các cánh rừng, sương trắng không biết từ đâu cứ đùn ra mãi. Dòng sông bên trái đường phút chốc biến mất, chỉ còn là sương trắng phủ kín, thảng hoặc mới thấy một chỏm rừng, một ngọn núi đá bên kia sông, nhô lên, đen đủi và cô độc giữa một màu trắng xóa. Xe tôi chạy trên lớp sương bồng bềnh. Mảnh trăng khuyết đứng yên ở cuối trời, sáng trong như một mảnh bạc”.

(Nguyễn Minh Châu, Tuyển tập Truyện ngắn hay nhất, Nxb Văn học, HN, 2022, tr.47).

Biện pháp tu từ nghệ thuật nào được sử dụng trong câu sau: “Qua tấm kính ướt hơi sương, mảnh trăng nằm giữa những tầng mây hiện ra tái ngắt, ánh sáng lòe nhòe, mỗi lúc xe nẩy lên hay vòng qua chỗ lượn, mảnh trăng lại chập chờn lay động, có lúc thấy rơi tõm xuống khoảng tối mịt mù của cánh rừng già như một trò chơi ú tim.”?

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 636 - 640.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Chọn ý đúng: Loại tài nguyên nào sau đây không thể khôi phục được?

Khoáng sản nổi bật ở khu vực Mỹ Latinh không phải là gì?

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing - the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon- neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade-and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions-is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Trong bản đồ khí hậu, các cơn bão được thể hiện bằng phương pháp kí hiệu đường chuyển động như thế nào?

Đảng Quốc Đại được thành lập vào năm nào?

Ở khu vực Mỹ Latinh không có đồng bằng nào?

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D.

Millions of people are using cellphones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cellphones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.

The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.

On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.

What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.

As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.

What is the word “potentially” in paragraph 4 closest in meaning to?

Trong phòng sanh của một bệnh viện tuyến tỉnh, có đầy đủ các túi máu thuộc các nhóm máu khác nhau và được bảo quản trong các ngăn khác nhau, của tủ lạnh ở nhiệt độ 4°C với các nhãn ghi đầy đủ như sau:

Nếu sản phụ có nhóm máu O đang hiếm có thể nhận túi máu ở ngăn số 1.

Trong bảng mã Unicode Tiếng Việt, mỗi kí tự được biểu diễn bởi bao nhiêu byte?

1. Do you find yourself yawning all day at school? You probably need more sleep. However, it is not just how much sleep you get that is important. What you do before bedtime also has a huge effect on how you feel the next day. If you spend time chatting to someone on social media, or reading a book on your e- reader, you are not alone.

2. All devices' screens give out a large amount of blue light, which affects the body's production of the sleep hormone, melatonin, which can change your sleep patterns. So it is not just getting to sleep that becomes hard, but the quality of your sleep also suffers. The result is that you can wake up several times during the night, and have difficulty getting up in the morning.

3. Sleep is food for the brain, so not sleeping well can be a severe problem for anyone, especially for teenagers, because their brains are still developing. When you do not sleep well, it can be difficult to concentrate at school, which makes it harder to learn and get good grades. It can also affect your mood, making you feel sad or anxious.   

4. So, it is clear you should not use your phone before you go to sleep. Why not leave it in another room? Nothing on social media is so important that it cannot wait a few hours! You should rediscover paper books and enjoy feeling tired and sleepy before bedtime rather than wondering why your best friend has not liked your photo! How will you wake up? You do not have to use the alarm on your phone. Go and buy yourself an old-fashioned alarm clock! The negative effects that screen time is having on sleep have been in the news a lot recently, so manufacturers of smartphones and tablets have added a feature to the mobile devices that can help reduce these. Most new phones have a night-time setting that changes the colour of the screen so that it gives out less blue light. If you really cannot avoid going onto social media at bedtime, think about turning on this setting on your phone.

What does the word it in paragraph 4 refer to?

Đâu là thế mạnh chủ yếu của khu vực đồi núi nước ta?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Tính nhân dân của hệ thống chính trị nước Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam được thể hiện qua nội dung nào sau đây?

“Phàm có tai mắt ắt cùng nghe thấy, thì cùng mối thù của đất nước chẳng đội chung trời nên bàn rằng: bậc hiền nhân quân tử có chí khí đau xót cho thời thế, nay trẫm mượn nước Ngu để đánh nước Quắc, mưu định dẹp loài mọi rợ, phải sớm dựa vào nước ngoài, đã tụ họp được nhiều người, nhưng không tiền của sao nuôi dưỡng (lực lượng) được. Trẫm riêng lo vậy. Nếu như các bề tôi trung, người dân có nghĩa ở miền Nam hẵng xuất của cải giúp nước, thì sẽ đem họ tên, số tiền ghi vào sổ vàng, đợi ngày sau sự nghiệp hoàn thành, chiếu theo số mà hoàn trả gấp bội và đền bù vàng, phong hộ (phong thực ấp) chẳng dè sẻn gì đối với ơn xưa”

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