Đọc đoạn văn và chọn phương án trả lời đúng (ứng với A, B, c hoặc D) cho mỗi câu sau.

    I was born in Newcastle, a city in the North East of England. Newcastle is on the bank of the River Tyne. It is quite big, with a population of about 200,000 people. There is a cathedral and a university. There are five bridges over the River Tyne, which link Newcastle to the next town, Gateshead, where there is one of the biggest shopping centers in the world.
    A few years ago, the main industries were shipbuilding and coal mining, but now the chemical and soap industries are important.
     I moved to London ten years ago but I often return to Newcastle. I miss the people, who are very friendly, and I miss the beautiful countryside near the city, where there are so many hills and streams.
     People who are born near the River Tyne have a special name. They are called “Goodies”. I am very pleased to be called a “Geordies”.

What links Newcastle to the next town?

Read the text below and select the best option for each blank. Write your answers (A, B, C, or D) in the box provided. 
    Here are some ways to help you to get a good night’s sleep. Firstly, don’t try too hard to (1)…………. asleep because this will make you anxious and keep you awake. Secondly, don’t go to bed until you (2)………….sleepy. Sitting in bed awake just (3)…………. you awake. If you cannot sleep (4) ………….you go to bed, get up and do something relaxing for a while until you feel sleepy. (5)…………. a boring book, watching TV or writing a letter can all help to relax you. You shouldn’t keep (6)…………. the clock, either. If you know how much sleep you have lost, you will become worried and less able to sleep. Turning the clock around (7)…………. you cannot see it is better. Lastly, it is a good (8)…………. to exercise during the day. A 20-minute walk (9)………… the morning will (10) ………….you feel sleepier at bedtime.

2__________

Choose the word among A, B, C, D that best fits the blank space in the following passage:

MAKING RECYCLING EASIER

More and more of the products we buy have got recycled material in (29)____. Things like newspapers and magazines, glass bottles and jars, food and drink cans and even some clothing may have been (30)____ using recycled materials. Every time we buy one of these products we help to support the recycling industry. The aim is that the product is used once, recycled and then used again.

One of the ways in which we can help the recycling process is by saving our own waste. Over the next couple of weeks we'll begin a fortnightly collection of recyclable waste from your home. All you have to (31)___ is put your recyclable waste in the box we've given you and put the remember to look at the box out next to your dustbin. The collection is fortnightly, (32)___ sticker on the box that tells you which weeks we will collect it. Your dustbin will still be collected weekly.

(29)...................

Read the passage and choose the best answers.

     In Southeast Asia, many forests have been cut down to produce timber and to clear land for farms and industries. The destruction of forests has reduced the living space of wildlife. Much of Asia’s wildlife is also threatened by over-hunting. Many people kill animals for food or hunt them to sell to zoos, medical researchers, and pet traders. Because of habitat destruction and over-hunting, many large Asian animals, including elephants, rhinoceros, and tigers, have become endangered.

In China, people have cut down most of the forests for wood, which has caused serious soil erosion. The soil is deposited in rivers and streams, which lowers the quality of the water. The Huang He, or Yellow River, is so named because the light-colored soil gives the water a yellowish color. The soil has also raised the riverbed. As a result, the Huang He often floods, causing great property damage and loss of life along its banks.

Why do people cut down forests?

Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage. 
    (41)______ every town in Britain has a public library, funded by the local authority, where local people may borrow books (42)______ of charge. Most libraries divide their books (43)______ two main sections, lending, and reference. The lending section normally offers a good (44) ______ of fiction and non-fiction, while the reference section contains encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, etc. Books from the lending section can be borrowed, usually for a period of two or three weeks, while books in the reference section may normally be (45)______  only in the library. Libraries are usually open daily from Monday to Friday, including some evenings, as well as on Saturday mornings.
     Other (46)______ besides books usually include a selection of newspapers and magazines, desks for private reading and study, a children’s book section, access (47) ______ current catalogs, and many other (48)______ of information by means of a computer terminal; a coin-(49)______ photocopier, music scores, records, audio-cassettes and videos that may be borrowed. Most libraries also (50) ______ exhibitions of local interest, for example, paintings by local artists or displays about local history. Many libraries also contain a local tourist information desk.
     Borrowers are normally allowed to. have up to ten or even more books out at any one time. A system of (51 )______ operates when books are not returned by the end of the borrowing (52)______. People living in the rural areas can use a mobile library, a van that (53)______ these areas regularly with a selection of books from the local library.
    (54) ______ public libraries, there are several important private libraries in Britain. Many of them are in London, such as the London Library. (55)______  belong to famous universities.

46_________

Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage. 
    (41)______ every town in Britain has a public library, funded by the local authority, where local people may borrow books (42)______ of charge. Most libraries divide their books (43)______ two main sections, lending, and reference. The lending section normally offers a good (44) ______ of fiction and non-fiction, while the reference section contains encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, etc. Books from the lending section can be borrowed, usually for a period of two or three weeks, while books in the reference section may normally be (45)______  only in the library. Libraries are usually open daily from Monday to Friday, including some evenings, as well as on Saturday mornings.
     Other (46)______ besides books usually include a selection of newspapers and magazines, desks for private reading and study, a children’s book section, access (47) ______ current catalogs, and many other (48)______ of information by means of a computer terminal; a coin-(49)______ photocopier, music scores, records, audio-cassettes and videos that may be borrowed. Most libraries also (50) ______ exhibitions of local interest, for example, paintings by local artists or displays about local history. Many libraries also contain a local tourist information desk.
     Borrowers are normally allowed to. have up to ten or even more books out at any one time. A system of (51 )______ operates when books are not returned by the end of the borrowing (52)______. People living in the rural areas can use a mobile library, a van that (53)______ these areas regularly with a selection of books from the local library.
    (54) ______ public libraries, there are several important private libraries in Britain. Many of them are in London, such as the London Library. (55)______  belong to famous universities.

44_________

Đọc đoạn văn và chọn phương án trả lời đúng (ứng với A, B, c hoặc D) cho mỗi câu sau.

    I was born in Newcastle, a city in the North East of England. Newcastle is on the bank of the River Tyne. It is quite big, with a population of about 200,000 people. There is a cathedral and a university. There are five bridges over the River Tyne, which link Newcastle to the next town, Gateshead, where there is one of the biggest shopping centers in the world.
    A few years ago, the main industries were shipbuilding and coal mining, but now the chemical and soap industries are important.
     I moved to London ten years ago but I often return to Newcastle. I miss the people, who are very friendly, and I miss the beautiful countryside near the city, where there are so many hills and streams.
     People who are born near the River Tyne have a special name. They are called “Goodies”. I am very pleased to be called a “Geordies”.

What are the main industries in Newcastle now?

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

Sometimes people forget how we depend __________ (6) nature and environment surrounding us. We spend mindlessly __________ (7) resources given by nature and believe that they are unlimited. Over the last millennia the population on the planet grew immensely and our needs increase with every year. We achieved great breakthrough in industry __________ (8) other fields of production. But this growth resulted in poor environmental conditions. It seems that every achievement and advancement only __________ (9) damage to nature.

We __________ (10) natural resources thoughtlessly for many years. Once we exhausted one resource we started to use up another alternative. Have you ever thought what our life will be when coal and oil will come to the end? Plug-in hybrid vehicles are good solutions for the fuel crisis to come.

 We spend mindlessly __________ (7) resources given by nature and believe that they are unlimited. 

Read the following passage and decide which options A, B, C, or D best fits each space.
UNICEF means the United Nations Children’s Fund. It serves children in (41)______ all over the world. It helps children of (42)______ races, nationalities, religions, and political systems in more than 140 worldwide countries. The (43)______ of UNICEF is to help provide a better life for children and their mothers.
UNICEF (44) ______ both long-term assistance and emergency. UNICEF was (45) ______ in 1946 to help bring food and medicine to children who suffered during World War II in Europe. It began (46)______ a temporary agency, but became a permanent part of the United Nations in 1953 (47)______ the need for its services around the world. UNICEF’s primary concern is to help governments of developing countries improve the (48)______  of life for almost one billion children. UNICEF’s main office is in the United Nations, New York City, (49)______ it also has more than 40 offices and 100 programs worldwide. In 1965, UNICEF won the Nobel Peace Prize (50) ______  its work helping children and building brighter futures.

46___________

Read the passage and choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks: 
EARTHQUAKES

Every year there are over 150,000 earthquakes around the world. Many are very small and people don't notice them. Others, like the ones in Haiti in 2010 or Japan in 2011, cause term damage and can (25)____________whole towns and cities.

Scientists study the Earth and know (26)_____________earthquakes are likely to happen. Some countries  have  a  much (27)___________risk  than  others.  Japan  has  on  average  1,500 earthquakes every year. In Britain there are 140. The earthquakes in Britain are usually very small and don't cause damage to people's houses. In Japan there are much bigger earthquakes, and many modern buildings are specially built (28)__________they don't get damaged.

One biggest problem with earthquakes is that we don't know when they are going to happen. Scientists can't (29)___________us the date or the time. If we could predict earthquakes, we could (30)___________for them and we could save lives by moving people away from the earthquake area.

In the future things may be different, however. In the 1970s, scientists noticed something (31)___________about the behavior of animals. In the winter of 1974 lots of snakes woke up from their winter sleep and came out into the cold. Then there were (32)___________ earthquakes in the north of China. In January the following year, people around the city of Haicheng noticed that lots of farm animals such as cows and horses were nervous and refused to go into buildings at night. In February there was a large earthquake in that area. (Extracted from Solutions 2nd Pre-intermediate Testbook, Oxford University Press)

(25)...................

Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it:

"Conservation, sustainable use and protection of (1) _______ resources including plants, animals, mineral deposits, soils, clean (2) _______, clean air, and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Natural (3) _______ are grouped into two categories, renewable and nonrenewable. A (4) _______ resource is one that may be replaced over time by natural processes, (5) _______ fish populations or natural vegetation, or is inexhaustible, such as (6) _______ energy. The goal of renewable resource conservation is to ensure (7) _______ such resources are not consumed faster than they are (8) _______. Nonrenewable resources are those in limited supply that cannot be replaced (9) ______ can be replaced only over extremely long (10) _______ of time. Nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels and mineral deposits, such as (11) _______ ore and gold ore. Conservation activities for nonrenewable resources focus (12) _______ maintaining an adequate supply of these resources well into the future.Natural resources are conserved for their biological, economic, and recreational values, (13)_______ their natural beauty and importance to local cultures. (14) _______, tropical rain forests are protected for their important role in both global ecology and the economic livelihood of the local culture; a coral reef may be (15) _______ for its recreational value for scuba divers; and a scenic river may be protected for its natural beauty...."

2. including plants, animals, mineral deposits, soils, clean (2) _______, clean air, and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Read the following passage and decide which options A, B, C, or D best fits each space.
UNICEF means the United Nations Children’s Fund. It serves children in (41)______ all over the world. It helps children of (42)______ races, nationalities, religions, and political systems in more than 140 worldwide countries. The (43)______ of UNICEF is to help provide a better life for children and their mothers.
UNICEF (44) ______ both long-term assistance and emergency. UNICEF was (45) ______ in 1946 to help bring food and medicine to children who suffered during World War II in Europe. It began (46)______ a temporary agency, but became a permanent part of the United Nations in 1953 (47)______ the need for its services around the world. UNICEF’s primary concern is to help governments of developing countries improve the (48)______  of life for almost one billion children. UNICEF’s main office is in the United Nations, New York City, (49)______ it also has more than 40 offices and 100 programs worldwide. In 1965, UNICEF won the Nobel Peace Prize (50) ______  its work helping children and building brighter futures.

2__________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Tourism will always have an impact on the places visited. Sometimes the impact is good, but often it is negative. For example, if lots of people visit one place, then this can damage the environment. The question is - how can we minimize the problems without preventing people from travelling and visiting places?

The main aim of ecotourism is to reduce the negative impact that tourism has on the environment and local people. The idea is to encourage tourists to think about what they do when they visit a place.

It's great to talk about protecting the environment, but how do you actually do this? There are a number of key points. Tourists shouldn't drop litter, they should stay on the paths, they shouldn't interfere with wildlife and they should respect local customs and traditions.

Some people see ecotourism as a contradiction. They say that any tourism needs infrastructure - roads, airports and hotels. The more tourists that visit a place, the more of these are needed and, by building more of these, you can't avoid damaging the environment.

But, of course, things aren't so black and white. Living in a place of natural beauty doesn't mean that you shouldn't benefit from things like better roads. As long as the improvements benefit the local people and not just the tourists, and the local communities are consulted on plans and changes, then is there really a problem?

In 2002 the United Nations celebrated the "International Year of Ecotourism". Over the past twenty years, more and more people have started taking eco-holidays. In countries such as Ecuador, Nepal, Costa Rica and Kenya, ecotourism represents a significant proportion of the tourist industry.

According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned as an activity to protect the environment?

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer

Our family members resemble each other because we have the same genetic formation in our DNA, and this formation has been passed from parents to children for many generations. Much like the children humans create, plants pass on their genetic formation in their seeds. The seeds of endangered and imperiled plants are so valuable because there are no other plants in the world with that same genetic formation, and we are at risk of loosing these genetic resources forever. But preserving the genetic diversity of some species can be quite difficult. When researchers and conservationists preserve a plant, one of their goals is to preserve genetic variety. “By preserving the genes of these plants, we preserve the possibility for adaptations in the future,” explains Dr. Christina Walters, a plant physiologist. After collected seeds must be stored for future use, planting or research. Since seeds begin to grow when it is warm and wet, scientists store seeds in places that are cold and dry, which is called a seed bank. But not all seeds survive the drying and freezing treatments, and care must be taken so that they are not harmed during banking. When researchers attempt to store a seed, they examine what is known about the growth habits of the plant, its habitat and geographical distribution, and then classify the seeds by storage needs.

Plants ____.

Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:

"Conservation conflicts arise when natural-resource shortages develop in the face of steadily increasing demands from a growing human population. Controversy frequently surrounds how a resource should be used, or allocated, and for whom. For example, a river may supply water for agricultural irrigation, habitat for fish, and water-generated electricity for a factory. Farmers, fishers, and industry leaders vie for unrestricted access to this river, but such freedom could destroy the resource, and conservation method sare necessary to protect the river for future use.
Conflicts worsen when a natural resource crosses political boundaries. For example, the headwaters, or source, of a major river may be located in a different country than the country through which the river flows. There is no guarantee that the river source will be protected to accommodate resource needs downstream. In addition, the way in which one natural resource is managed has a direct effect upon other natural resources. Cutting down a forest near a river, for instance, increases erosion, the wearing away of topsoil, and can lead to flooding. Eroded soil and silt cloud the river and adversely affect many organisms such as fish and important aquatic plants that require clean, clear freshwater for survival."

1/ What does “arise” in line 1 mean?

Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it:

"Conservation, sustainable use and protection of (1) _______ resources including plants, animals, mineral deposits, soils, clean (2) _______, clean air, and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Natural (3) _______ are grouped into two categories, renewable and nonrenewable. A (4) _______ resource is one that may be replaced over time by natural processes, (5) _______ fish populations or natural vegetation, or is inexhaustible, such as (6) _______ energy. The goal of renewable resource conservation is to ensure (7) _______ such resources are not consumed faster than they are (8) _______. Nonrenewable resources are those in limited supply that cannot be replaced (9) ______ can be replaced only over extremely long (10) _______ of time. Nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels and mineral deposits, such as (11) _______ ore and gold ore. Conservation activities for nonrenewable resources focus (12) _______ maintaining an adequate supply of these resources well into the future.Natural resources are conserved for their biological, economic, and recreational values, (13)_______ their natural beauty and importance to local cultures. (14) _______, tropical rain forests are protected for their important role in both global ecology and the economic livelihood of the local culture; a coral reef may be (15) _______ for its recreational value for scuba divers; and a scenic river may be protected for its natural beauty...."

12. Conservation activities for nonrenewable resources focus (12) _______ maintaining an adequate supply of these resources well into the future.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks

Ecotourism is booming and many tour operators say this is helpful to nature. Every year, millions of people visit protected (1) ____ areas to observe rare species. However, a new report casts doubt (2) ____ this form of tourism. The report, (3) ____ in the journal "Trends in Ecology and Evolution", suggests that ecotourism damages more than (4) ____ nature. Researchers believe tourists disrupt animals in their natural (5) ____. They point to a recent (6) ____ in Costa Rica where turtles had problems laying their eggs because of the many tourists who had gathered (7) ____  the beach to watch them.

The report says that ecotourism is (8) ____ animals bolder. A human presence makes animals tamer and less (9) ____ about other animals. This could put them at (10) ____ of being attacked by their natural predators, so more of them will be killed. The report says that when animals interact with humans, "they may let down their guard”. The report also says it is essential, “to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how different species in different situations respond to human visitation, and under what precise conditions human exposure might put them at risk".

(2) ___________

Choose the word among A, B, C, D that best fits the blank space in the following passage:

MAKING RECYCLING EASIER

More and more of the products we buy have got recycled material in (29)____. Things like newspapers and magazines, glass bottles and jars, food and drink cans and even some clothing may have been (30)____ using recycled materials. Every time we buy one of these products we help to support the recycling industry. The aim is that the product is used once, recycled and then used again.

One of the ways in which we can help the recycling process is by saving our own waste. Over the next couple of weeks we'll begin a fortnightly collection of recyclable waste from your home. All you have to (31)___ is put your recyclable waste in the box we've given you and put the remember to look at the box out next to your dustbin. The collection is fortnightly, (32)___ sticker on the box that tells you which weeks we will collect it. Your dustbin will still be collected weekly.

(31)........................

Read the passage and choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks: 
EARTHQUAKES

Every year there are over 150,000 earthquakes around the world. Many are very small and people don't notice them. Others, like the ones in Haiti in 2010 or Japan in 2011, cause term damage and can (25)____________whole towns and cities.

Scientists study the Earth and know (26)_____________earthquakes are likely to happen. Some countries  have  a  much (27)___________risk  than  others.  Japan  has  on  average  1,500 earthquakes every year. In Britain there are 140. The earthquakes in Britain are usually very small and don't cause damage to people's houses. In Japan there are much bigger earthquakes, and many modern buildings are specially built (28)__________they don't get damaged.

One biggest problem with earthquakes is that we don't know when they are going to happen. Scientists can't (29)___________us the date or the time. If we could predict earthquakes, we could (30)___________for them and we could save lives by moving people away from the earthquake area.

In the future things may be different, however. In the 1970s, scientists noticed something (31)___________about the behavior of animals. In the winter of 1974 lots of snakes woke up from their winter sleep and came out into the cold. Then there were (32)___________ earthquakes in the north of China. In January the following year, people around the city of Haicheng noticed that lots of farm animals such as cows and horses were nervous and refused to go into buildings at night. In February there was a large earthquake in that area. (Extracted from Solutions 2nd Pre-intermediate Testbook, Oxford University Press)

(30).................

Read the text and decide which answer best fits each space given. 

THE BAT

    The bat may seem like an ordinary creature, but in fact, it is an amazing animal. The bat has wings and is the only animal (1)________ of true flight. There are many (2)________ species of bat. In Britain (3) ________there are fourteen types of bat, which ranges in sizes from a few inches to (4) ________feet in wingspan.
    Bats are nocturnal animals (5)________ become active only at dusk. Many species (6) ________on a “radar” system to find their way around. The bat emits squeaks and then measures the echoes to “see” how far away from any (7) ________.
     The (8)________ of bats survive on a diet of insects while others eat fruit. There are two species which eat fish and there are even some bats which eat meat! Some vampire bats take blood (9)________ their sleeping victims. These bats may carry the deadly disease rabies.
     Bats are sociable creatures and form large colonies. Most bats (10)________  throughout the winter months. Many people are afraid of bats without even seeing one. Perhaps if we learn more about these wonderful creatures, we will no longer fear them.

10________

Read the passage and choose the best answers.

     In Southeast Asia, many forests have been cut down to produce timber and to clear land for farms and industries. The destruction of forests has reduced the living space of wildlife. Much of Asia’s wildlife is also threatened by over-hunting. Many people kill animals for food or hunt them to sell to zoos, medical researchers, and pet traders. Because of habitat destruction and over-hunting, many large Asian animals, including elephants, rhinoceros, and tigers, have become endangered.

In China, people have cut down most of the forests for wood, which has caused serious soil erosion. The soil is deposited in rivers and streams, which lowers the quality of the water. The Huang He, or Yellow River, is so named because the light-colored soil gives the water a yellowish color. The soil has also raised the riverbed. As a result, the Huang He often floods, causing great property damage and loss of life along its banks.

Rhinoceros and elephants are mentioned as an example of _________.